ࡱ> '` ~bjbjLULU .?.?siDF<<<<T<Fb=(>p>>>2A2A2A$hl;BAA";B;B>>#G#G#G;B>>G;B#G#G !>= U\<C݄:ň20b bDbt!b!2A0bA"GAA2A2A2AF^2A2A2Ab;B;B;B;BFFd'n:FFn:FFF Summary. This document provides an overview on the current development of WAMS (World Association of Marine Stations) and describes its added value for marine science as a new global framework of cooperation. WAMS is built upon several existing marine associations and its mission and objectives match with IOC-UNESCO priorities. WAMS wants to collaborate and liaise with IOC-UNESCO for scientific guidance and logistic support and consider its suitability for adoption by the 26th Assembly. The Assembly will be invited to adopt the workplan for implementing joint IOC activities with WAMS contained in the Report on progress of the WAMS, as amended at the present session. Introduction Carrying out excellent marine science in coastal areas and the open ocean implies the use of many different resources. These include marine stations and institutes, research vessels, highly sophisticated and expensive instruments (moored, autonomous, satellite stations, indoor facilities and state of the art analytical equipment, etc.) as well as a highly specialized and competitive staff. Bottlenecks often come however, not from the lack of resources, but from the lack of an integrated organization. Several initiatives to create networks of marine stations/laboratories have been tested and already function well in different regions of the world. It is now very timely to begin planning for a new forum that can unite marine research stations and institutes across the world. At no other time in our history has it been more crucial for marine stations to come together and speak with a united and common voice on marine research matters. Launching of the World Association of Marine Stations (WAMS) A recent initiative of the European Network of Marine Research Institutes and Stations (MARS) was to launch with other existing marine station networks a World Association of Marine Stations (WAMS). This world association has the potential to become a keystone in a global network of marine stations, uniting the existing marine stations and their regional networks, and create opportunities for expanded collaborations all over the world. WAMS was first discussed during the 6th Okazaki Congress (Japan) in 2007 and the outline strategy drafted. Then in 2008, a small delegation from the MARS network met with representatives from UNESCO-IOC and then again in 2009 with Luis Valdes, the Head of Ocean Sciences at UNESCO-IOC who encouraged and facilitated the first full meeting of WAMS held in Paris, 1314 April 2010. Here, representatives from MARS, NAML, TMN and JAMBIO, as well as others from UNESCO-IOC, UNESCO-MAB, and POGO unanimously endorsed the creation of WAMS with this April 2010 session adopted as its inaugural meeting. Many marine research stations are located adjacent to the transition zone between inshore and oceanic waters, and some of them close to the deep-water horizon and abyss. All these features make them ideal centres for engaging with many of the basic problems in oceanography, marine ecology and fundamental biology that are now receiving more and more scientific attention. It is estimated that nearly a thousand coastal stations and institutes can be identified around the worlds oceans, under Northern and Southern latitudes. Knowledge and databases accumulated for decades by these stations/laboratories are considerable but, until the present initiative, their potential has been far too little used and exploited. Marine stations and Institutes, because of their location around most of the worlds seas, should be encouraged to play an important role as distributed observatories for the impact of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In addition, they can be central to the collection of data, crucial to the development of long-standing exploratory efforts and in depth advanced studies of coastal and deep water environments including: systematic, ecology and evolutionary biology from genes to ecosystems, and eco-genomics of stressed and extreme environments; biotechnology and DNA sequencing; biogeochemical cycles sensitive to anthropogenic change and so on. Finally, future in situ coastal and deep observatories could be wired directly to inland equipment located at these coastal marine stations. Many of these ideas are already under active discussion in Europe, particularly under the auspices of the ESF Marine Board ( HYPERLINK "http://www.esf.org/research-areas/marine-sciences/marine-board-policy-statements.html" http://www.esf.org/research-areas/marine-sciences/marine-board-policy-statements.html) but are yet to be exploited at the Global level. WAMS delivers the opportunity to achieve this. Marine stations are also of interest as land-based infrastructures for advanced studies in molecular biology, neuroscience, developmental and evolutionary biology, and genetics and for screening drug candidates of high medical interest. Here, the recently launched European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC: http://www.embrc.eu/) links 14 marine stations in 8 countries, with the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, with the aim to provide model marine organisms for studying fundamental molecular biology and screening drug candidates. All marine station partners in EMBRC are members of the MARS network and thus WAMS. WAMS will also be an important component in cooperating with OBIS-IOC and other collaborative networks such as POGO, GEO-BON as well as harnessing the data sets generated by CoML. This cooperation could be implemented quickly and at reasonable cost, insofar as human resources and logistics of marine stations and their parent universities and/or inland research institutes can assist (or perhaps already support) at least partially, specific operations here. The marine stations are a rich resource of both experienced scientists and offer unique opportunities to invite and host investigators and students, having access to exceptional coverage of many of the Worlds most important and often most vulnerable marine ecosystems and resources. Marine science research, training and education are gaining increasing attention as key areas for the sustainable development of the worlds marine ecosystems. At the same time, and almost certainly in large part because of this new emphasis, the need and demand for public outreach are also increasing. Marine stations have an obligation to enhance their outreach efforts so that their research and educational activities are more directly perceived by the public at large. The payback in terms of an increased research profile, especially towards policy makers and other stakeholders, increased job opportunities for graduate students, and the reward of communicating useful knowledge to the public cannot be minimized. The added value of WAMS Marine stations and the marine realm It is estimated that nearly a thousand marine stations and institutes can be identified around all the worlds oceans, in both Northern and Southern latitudes, including sensitive polar regions, with a long history of biological and ecological research. In contrast to other major inland institutes, marine stations are relatively evenly distributed among tropical, temperate and cold latitudes and between the major coastal ecosystems. They have historically been and are still today incubators for creative and innovative science. Their common culture and traditions, which have predisposed them to cooperative programmes combined with the ease of accessibility of their biological research materials, have encouraged a tradition of high quality research. The marine stations of the world have great potential as an infrastructure for programmes in research, training and education, and conservation of marine biological diversity. Their successes are reflected in the diversity and scope of research activities they support from biomedical research and molecular biology and genomics, to experimental and systems ecology and coastal-offshore circulation. Marine stations are usually closely tied to academic institutions or museums or fishery institutions with long-standing traditions in the study of marine organisms, in the training of scientists and managers, in communication and exchange with other marine stations, and inland institutions, and in environmental impact assessments. Many are government supported with strong mandates in resources management. There are six areas of research in which marine stations have made, for more than a century, remarkable contributions: (1) the use of marine organisms as models in developmental biology, molecular biology and genetics, biotechnology, neuroscience and pharmacology; (2) the long history of inventorying and monitoring all types of marine organisms, forming a firm basis on which to build a comprehensive study of biogeographic gradients in biological diversity; (3) the spatial facilities that have been developed to study aspects of biodiversity experimentally, ranging from the molecular level to experiments on natural communities in the marine environment; (4) evaluating fish stocks and assisting in developing strategic policies to strengthen the fishing economy in both developed and developing countries; (5) being responsible for collecting a remarkable time series of baseline data, both biological and geochemical as well as physical against which human impacts can be assessed and (6) providing the infrastructure both to respond rapidly to unexpected events and to study the biological effects of longer-term environmental change. Marine stations as biodiversity observatories Marine stations are ideally placed for inventorying and monitoring marine and coastal biodiversity in terms of their facilities, expertise, long-term data sets, time series and geographical location. Outside the deep-sea sediments, which support an immensely rich biota, the coastal zone has been the major source of novel discoveries in marine biodiversity since the end of the nineteenth century. Historically, marine stations have played a very important role in such discoveries and many marine stations have published inventories that describe the distribution patterns of marine species in their local coastal regions. Most of them have reference collections of local and exotic marine fauna and flora, and many of them are well equipped to study delicate forms of pelagic organisms (including gelatinous plankton, pico-plankton, ciliates, bacteria and viruses) and benthic taxa (bacteria, ciliates and fungi, meiofauna and macrofauna and the larval stages of all kinds of marine species). The continuity of research in the vicinity of marine stations has led to the assembly of long-term data sets that form today a most valuable critical baseline against which human impacts may be assessed. These data sets are a critical resource for monitoring marine biodiversity, and cataloguing, standardizing and comparing them is a key challenge being undertaken by marine station networks. Networks of marine stations Over the years, some marine stations have expanded their operations to include larger scale exploration of the sea, but many have continued to emphasize local organisms and ecosystems. Consequently, marine stations have tended to operate more or less independently, until the 1990s when MARS and NAML were launched and it was recognized that given the complexity and comprehensive nature of the research problems such independence and the isolation it often involves was no longer a viable mode of operation, nor was conductive to challenging science. It was recognized that if marine stations were to play a role in setting priorities and developing comprehensive programmes to address them, the history of provincialism needed to be overcome. A number of national and regional networks have been formed to coordinate research, training and education in marine stations. These networks aim to cover the coastal ecosystems by a chain of marine observatories that would integrate their long-term time-series data and develop initiatives to encourage a better use of existing data sets. With the recent developments in mathematics, physics, molecular biology, computer science, marine ecology and genomics, biotechnology, bio-informatics etc. one of the results is an ever narrower specialization, so it is common that the juniors belongs to groups that do not intercommunicate sufficiently. A WAMS objective is to bring together senior marine scientists in key fields of contemporary science with young scientists in order to develop exchange of ideas and field experience. Considerable difficulties in countries in transition and developing countries are hindering the mobility of the young scientists and they may lack the tutoring of senior marine scientists. UNESCO, with its IOC and the Science and Education Sectors may profit of the long experience of marine stations united in WAMS. Genetic resources collections, genomics Nowadays, a growing number of marine stations are maintaining genetic resource collections of marine organisms such as gametes, spores, tissue culture and embryos, algae, fungi, microorganisms maintained in long storage facilities. In addition, many archive cDNA libraries from a range of marine organisms, tissues and cells. Here too, there is a good case for integration of databases for such genomic and cellular resources. Such an organization is already underway in Europe and it is now timely to expand this to the global level. Marine Stations in association with UNESCO and its IOC Many marine stations and their networks have a long association with UNESCO and its IOC. For example, the 30 laboratories of the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean (AMLC) have held annual scientific meetings for decades. The Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity network (CARICOMP), with more than 20 marine stations in 16 countries began in 1985 with the support of UNESCOs Coastal-Marine Programme (COMAR) continued with the Coastal System and Small Island project (CSI). The UNESCO-sponsored International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME) formed in 1990 with 40 institutional members (executive secretariat at University of the Ryukus, Okinawa, Japan), co-published in 2010 the World Atlas of Mangroves with support of UNESCO-MAB, FAO, UNEP, ITTO and Nature Conservancy (Cambridge University). The 80 European marine stations, in all European coastal countries have joined together in the Marine Research Station network (MARS) launched in 1990, with a first meeting of Directors organized in 1994 at UNESCO, Paris. The same year, the US marine stations formed the National Association of Marine Laboratories (NAML) comprising more than 90 marine and Great Lakes stations. Other similar marine station networks (national and regional) exist for Australia: the Tropical Marine Network), Japan: the Japanese Association for Marine Biology (JAMBIO), the Pacific Institute of Marine Science (PIMS) with 17 research centres and marine stations from Canada, USA, Hong Kong, mainland China and Australia. The recent resurgence of interest in the marine sciences, mostly fuelled by climate change issues, highlights the urgent need for federating the existing regional marine station networks, at the worldwide level, and to encourage the formation or reconstruction of new ones. New (or renovated and updated) marine stations are particularly important in the developing countries that often lack in such essential structures, yet are frequently in ecologically important areas. The value-added by WAMS in association with UNESCO and its IOC will greatly facilitate the federation of marine ecology and biodiversity programmes of IOC. In addition the WAMS-IOC partnership will profit the UNESCO Natural Sciences Sector and to the Organization as a whole, and for the international community beyond the UNESCO constituency. It should also benefit the UNESCO-MAB programme since more than 30% of the MAB Biosphere Reserves currently identified are marine or have a coastal component. WAMS constitution and strategy WAMS Mission Statement WAMS endeavours to contribute to the improvement of the public image of the role played by marine stations in research, education and training, as well as data exchanges essential to a broad range of basic sciences, on both non-living and living systems and resources, marine biodiversity and ecosystem function, long-term observation of climate change. WAMS and its members are committed to contribute to capacity building activities, with specific efforts devoted to developing countries. WAMS offers its members a unique global network and a platform to meet, communicate and exchange information. Initiate, facilitate and promote ideas and projects that are of interest to the long-term sustainable development of excellence in marine research, education and training, networking and capacity building. Objectives The objectives of the World Association of Marine Stations (WAMS) are: To organize meetings and workshops which facilitate legitimate networking between the constituent marine stations and institutes, in their recognized domains of excellence in research, education, training, public outreach, and capacity building; To stimulate, design, coordinate or participate in the implementation of international interdisciplinary programmes; To encourage the strengthening of human and physical scientific resources, world-wide, with particular emphasis on the developing world; To open debate regarding the long-term sustainable development of the oceans and coastal/regional seas; To create regional baselines in biodiversity and ecosystem health; and Harmonize the global information on biodiversity needed for international conventions (e.g. CBD) and Platforms (e.g. IPBES). To that effect WAMS has the capacity to offer and provide the logistics for: A quality platform to meet, communicate and exchange information. This is implemented via: > The WAMS Annual Meeting organized for WAMS members; > The organization of seminars, round table sessions, working groups, think tanks and such other activities as decided upon by the WAMS Board and organized for WAMS members and stakeholders. A platform for communication, exchange of information as well as transfer of knowledge between members and stakeholders. WAMS in this connection works on increasing its visibility via the web, cooperation with the press, newsletters, publications and other communication tools. A huge global network of marine ecosystems connecting members and stakeholders. Marine ecosystems are centrally important to the biology of the planet, yet a comprehensive understanding of how anthropogenic climate change is affecting them has been poorly developed. Further change will continue to create enormous challenges and costs for societies worldwide, particularly those in developing countries. All WAMS activities are focused on delivering a message shared with the delegates attending a WAMS congress, in the form of a presentation during a working session, expert advice in a workshop, publication, film and other communication tools. WAMS is a service provider for its members, driven by customer/user needs and satisfaction, in the field of marine science and education. WAMS membership and participation strategy WAMS is a globally inclusive network, connecting members and stakeholders as well as providing a quality platform to meet and to communicate, exchange information and transfer knowledge. Members are parties having a business interest in or with marine science research at large. WAMS Annual Meetings will invite academics and experts, international or national authorities and programmes, including North-South and South-South cooperation, occasionally other associations with whom WAMS has special links, for example POGO. The success of WAMS as a network and platform to meet on a global scale will be substantiated by the fact that WAMS manages to maintain its membership base despite difficult economic circumstances. It is WAMS aim to respond quickly and cost effectively to the needs expressed by its members. WAMS will be effective within the scope of its mission statement and strategic focus of: Huge global network connecting members and stakeholders, Quality platform to meet and to communicate, exchange information and transfer of learning, Think tanks that initiate facilitate and promote ideas and projects of interest to the long-term development of marine science, its partners and service providers. Contributing to the improvement of the public image of the global marine scientific community. In addition, WAMS will endeavour to improve its activities in transfer of knowledge and the environmental impact of human activities on biodiversity, ocean health, and climate change. WAMS Organization The policy rules can be found in WAMS Articles of Association. The principal governing structures are the Board of Directors and the General Meeting. Daily management is assured by the Secretary General under supervision of the Board of Directors or its regional network representative. Working Groups and Think Tanks are created and organized with the approval of the Board of Directors. These groups comprise member regional networks representatives to assist WAMS on specific projects. External experts/consultants, academics and influential representatives of authorities can assist WAMS as specially invited persons/guests. Over the next 3 years, WAMS will base its activities on extra budgetary funds and in kind support provided by its partners. A business plan to guarantee its autonomy and function will be planned, discussed then adopted following the 2012 meeting. Once approved by the Governing body, this will be made operational in 2013. In order to optimize resources, avoid overlap, and fully attain its main objective of worldwide participation strategy, WAMS should coordinate its activities with UNESCO and its Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), in cooperation with other major international organizations, networks programmes and marine associations. Proposed Strategy for Future Work and Follow-up to Potential cooperation with IOC i. Financial and administrative implications No IOC regular budget funding has been allocated to any activities related to WAMS in the current biennium or in the plans for the 201213 biennium. As a consequence, in kind and extrabudgetary funding, on the order of US$ 80,000, will need to be committed by Member States as earmarked contributions to the IOC special account if the IOC secretariat is to be able to follow-up on the implementation of WAMS work plan (Annex 1). ii. Decision expected by the Assembly The Assembly will be invited to adopt the workplan for implementing joint IOC activities with WAMS contained in the Report on progress of the WAMS, as amended at the present session. Annex 1: WAMS work plan WAMS Strategic Work Plan This will be developed in collaboration with UNESCO IOC and UNESCO MAB and in line with IOC High-level objective 4 (2012-2013): IOC High-level objective 4 Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources Action 4a. Enhance regional cooperation and involvement of the Member States through capacity-building and transfer of technology and measures to strengthen the capabilities of the IOC Regional Subsidiary Bodies and IOC decentralized offices. The work plan will have its first detailed discussion at a meeting of the WAMS Steering Group Scheduled for November 2011 during the Annual meeting of MARS Directors. Representatives from UNESCO IOC, UNESCO MAB, POGO, etc will be invited. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF MAIN PRIORITIES FOR STEERING GROUP 2012-13 Identifying major gaps in the WAMS membership network, for example Africa and South America. Making contact with potential new members from these areas Define what science we need to assist policy makers Determine how best to contribute to UNESCO-IOC and MAB processes Select the topics to develop over a three-year period, including schemes for sharing Infrastructures and adopting best practice procedures for management Promote and participate in workshops to develop project ideas that fulfil global needs, specifically in relation to climate change impacts on marine ecosystems and ecosystem services. Identify common training needs and opportunities for all staff, both scientists and technical and administrative support personnel In the first year develop a business plan for funding a permanent secretariat probably to be based in Paris at UNESCO IOC. ACTIVITYACTIONSOUTCOMESTIMELINE A. Monitoring Programs in Ecological Health at Member Institutions and Establishment of a Network of World Sampling sites and marine centres of reference under the supervision of IOC Many of our members have long and distinguished histories as coastal marine research laboratories with a wealth of valuable records of climate, and biodiversity stretching back more than 100 years.Identify the long-term data sets available in marine stations, and to highlight where there is a paucity of data that would recommend the initiation of collections of other data sets Design comparative studies that combine the information contained in these data sets to answer relevant questions that transcend the local scenarios of the data sets, positioning them within a global context Use these data to predict changes in communities due to either, or both, climate change and anthropogenic influences. Using standardized genomic tools to detect stress in carefully chosen indicator species that can be compared globally. The Association setting up a centralized and permanent archival system for this monitoring data that will be publicly accessible. The database being integrated with other databases dealing with climatic measurements and other global biodiversity and climate change databases such as GBIF, Lifewatch, UNESCO-MAB, POGO, GOOS, OBIS, ICES etc.  2013-15 2012-14 2012 2012-13 RESEARCHB. Development of Model Organisms and Systems for Experimental ResearchImprove the availability of existing models and expand the number of models as appropriate. This should also include those models that have special relevance for climate change impacts and as keystone species for ecosystem function. Increased number and wider availability of model organisms 2012-13C. Sharing of Research Platforms Where possible, unique, unusual or expensive facilities and equipment will be made available to researchers associated with all member institutions. More effective use of research platforms worldwide2012-13D. Collaborative WAMS research programmesAn important component of the Associations mission will be to establish joint and common research programmes designed to answer the most pressing and critical questions surrounding predictions of climate change. Better integration of global research effort2012-ongoingE. Fellowships for Research visitsOne of the most cost-effective ways to encourage collaborative research programmes is to facilitate travel and exchange visits between member laboratories. Development of a competitive fellowship program that enables researchers, at all levels in their careers (Graduate Students, Post-Doctoral Fellows and Principal Investigators) to travel between member institutions when engaged in marine sciences research.2012-ongoing WAMS SUPPORT FOR DEVELOPING NATIONSCapacity-building in higher education and training in marine biodiversity, sustainable development and innovative technologiesIncrease in human potential in marine research and development Increased opportunities for access to key training programmes worldwide Increased sharing of experiences2012-ongoing WORKSHOPS, TRAINING PROGRAMMES AND ADVISORY GROUPSThe Association will organize technical workshops and training programmes that cover the breadth of staff at WAMS member sites including undergraduate and graduate students, scientific staff, and especially technical and administrative support staff who represent the engine room of marine research stations.Researchers at all member institutions are given the opportunity to remain current in their research fields2012-ongoing WAMS CONFERENCESTopical conferences organized at marine stations, in association with existing conference cycles (UNESCO IOC, MAB and UNEP or CBD Conferences etc.). WAMS (via MARS) could be a regular partner of the new ESF Research Conference programme. HYPERLINK "http://www.esf.org/activities/esf-conferences.html"http://www.esf.org/activities/esf-conferences.htmlIncreased visibility for marine science in the global scientific landscape2012-ongoing PUBLIC DISSEMINATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGSThe Association will make every effort to publicise widely all of its more important activities especially those research findings that impact human and ecosystem welfare.A publically accessible database(s) will be established2012-2013 LOBBYING FOR MARINE PROTECTED AREASMember institutions will be expected to lobby, separately or cooperatively, for the creation and expansion of Marine Protected Areas and Marine Reserves both in their immediate regions and also at remote locations as appropriate. 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