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IThe ocean observing system 2007: National contributions and intended future commitments by Norway This report has been compiled by: Harald Loeng, Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway Email: harald.loeng@imr.no with additional input from: Edmond Hansen5) Peter Haugan4),Cecilie Mauritsen2), Kjell Arne Mork1), Helge Sagen1), Stein Sandven3), Einar Svendsen1) Institute of Marine Research (IMR) Meteorological Institute (met.no) Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre (NERSC) Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI) Open-ocean/global observing networks In situ observations defined in the GCOS IP The JCOMM Observations Programme Area coordinator regularly  HYPERLINK "http://www.oco.noaa.gov/index.jsp?show_page=page_country_contributions.jsp&nav=observing" compiles information about national contributions to the following networks defined in the GCOS IP. For 2005 and 2006, report only on discrepancies from this compilation (note in columns below). Please indicate intended future commitments to these networks in the 2007 and 2008+ columns. In situ observing elementnational contributioninternational total200520062007 plans2008+ plansOct 2006goalDBCPSurface drifting buoys605011561250with barometer10317600Sea ice buoys (IABP, IPAB)24Global tropical moored buoy network77119Coastal moorings109Ocean SITESGlobal reference mooring network1111629Total time series sites including above55572858GLOSSstations committed to GLOSS206290GLOSS real-time reporting stations81170GLOSS geolocated stations69170SOTHigh-density XBT lines occupied2264Frequently-repeated XBT lines occupied1725VOS AWS ships1111140VOSClim ships113200ASAP ships27ASAP sondes deployed5319IOCCPCarbon survey (hydrographic lines completed since 2001) 111631Underway measurements (VOS lines)444429Argoprofiling floats91410825103000Gliders24in the case of platforms with a fixed lifetime: for the past report on number of nationally-maintained operating platforms at the end of the year; and for the future an estimate of operating platforms based on national planned deployments and expected lifetime (with planned yearly deployments in parenthesis). Optional detail on the numbers reported above: Other open-ocean/global sustained observing networks Please list other open-ocean/global sustained observing networks, including observations for tsunami warning, research observations, and including other networks previously noted and approved as contributions to global GOOS by the GSSC. Include URLs for real-time data streams if appropriate, and note future plans. IMR operate 15 sections were temperature and salinity is observed from 2-12 times a year for climate monitoring. In addition, nutrients and both phytoplankton and zooplankton is observed. Each section consists of approximately 20 stations. The data are presently not operational, but work are underway for presenting the results on web. NPI maintains a hydrographic section across Fram Strait, for the purpose of estimating the Arctic-Subarctic ocean fluxes through the strait. In addition the institute, in collaboration with german AWI, maintains an array of moorings across the strait. NPI focuses on the export of freshwater from the Arctic to lower latitudes. About 3-4000 CTD stations are sampled by IMR research vessels annually from the northeast Atlantic including the North, Nordic and Barents seas and west of UK. Many of the stations are taken at fixed positions and along fixed sections. Work is ongoing to make all the data available in real time. Many stations include nutrients and fluorescence (and/or chlorophyll). 3 of IMRs research vessels (>800 shipdays/year) also carries simplified ferry box systems which could be made available. Research and development supporting open-ocean observations Please describe national activities aimed at improving the techniques and methods used in the open-ocean observing networks. IMR is involved in the international Argo programme ( HYPERLINK "http://www.argo.net" http://www.argo.net) and is partner in the submitted EU-proposal EuroArgo regarding the infrastructure of Argo floats/data. Also, in 2006 two Argo floats were deployed in the Norwegian Sea that includes oxygen and fluorescence/chlorophyll sensors with the aim to improve the monitoring of the ecosystem in nearly real time. IMR is a partner in the SeaDataNet EU project running from 2007 to 2011. The project is setting up a virtual web portal of research from more than 40 partners. The portal will provide access to a large amount of research data and metadata. During the projects lifetime several climatologys will be created in different regions (Baltic Sea, Mediterranean, Arctic Sea and Black Sea) in addition to global climatologys. It is planned to develop yearly, seasonally, monthly, weekly and daily climatologys if sufficient data are available. IMR has analyzed the data from the regular transects and developed a mean transect consisting of mean and standard deviation every 5 meter for temperature and salinity from surface to bottom. 6 regular transects are calculated and work is going on to fill a database with all coverages of these sections to be able to plot actual situation and anomalies in a presentation system on the web. Satellite observations Requirements for satellite observations for the global and coastal modules of GOOS are provided in the GCOS IP and the Implementation Strategy for the coastal module of GOOS. CEOS maintains a  HYPERLINK "http://www.eohandbook.com/eohb05/ceos/part3_2.html" compilation by variable of current and planned satellite missions. Please note any change or omissions in national plans from the CEOS compilation: Monitoring of algae blooms and other ocean color variables have been implemented by the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing for the Norwegian waters with support from the ESA GMES and Norwegian SatOcean programme. Satellite monitoring of sea ice extent and concentration for the whole Arctic regions has been operational for several years. New sea ice variables such as ice drift and high-resolution SAR-based ice charts are under implementation for Norwegian waters as part of GMES/GEOSS, with met.no and NERSC as the main contributors. CEOS has also prepared a  HYPERLINK "http://www.ceos.org/CEOS Response to the GCOS IP.pdf" plan of actions responding to the UNFCCC (section 3.2 covers ocean satellites) based on GCOS IP requirements. Please describe national contributions and commitments to the actions in this plan: It is important to identify the major impediments to progress (e.g. fiscal restraints, government awareness, etc.) for the ocean observing system. Please provide information on national impediments to progress in the sustained global ocean observing networks. Coastal observations Please list routine observational programmes that measure variables considered important to meeting regional or national priorities for data and information, including but not exclusive to the common variables of the proposed global coastal network under the coastal module of GOOS. If possible, include information on future plans and a simple description of how data is made available (GTS, data center, web, etc.). It is useful to note programmes taking place through a GRA, and those taken at the national level. Specify the responsible institution(s). Surface currents by coastal HF radar at site Fedje, just north of Bergen (met.no) and synoptic meteorological observations at a set of coastal stations (met.no) IMR observe temperature and salinity from surface to bottom at eight permanent stations along the Norwegian coast from 58(N to 71(N that and the data available on  HYPERLINK "http://atlas.nodc.no/stasjoner/" http://atlas.nodc.no/stasjoner/ the same day as the observations are carried out  HYPERLINK "http://www.imr.no/english/activities/regular_monitoring_activities/sea_surface_temperature" Sea Surface Temperature The coastal liners M/S Vesteraalen cruises the Norwegian coast from Bergen to Kirkenes and back on an 11-day schedule. A temperature sensor mounted in the ship's cooling water intake samples the water temperature every five minutes, and the data are coordinated with latitude/longitude data from the ship's GPS positioning system. This is operated by Institute of Marine Research and info is found at http://data.nodc.no/termograf/ At  HYPERLINK "http://www.niva.no/symfoni/infoportal/portenglish.nsf" http://www.niva.no/symfoni/infoportal/portenglish.nsf Norwegian Institute of Water Research present Water Quality Information Systems for the Norwegian Coast. This information system combines data from ships of opportunity, satellite data and in situ data from collected water samples for monitoring marine areas. The system has been developed by and funded from NIVA, and national and international research projects.  Please describe any regional or national observations of harmful algae occurrences, harmful algal events, or algal blooms, including specifics and future plans if appropriate. Specify the responsible institution(s). The algaeinfo is intended to provide current information on the algal situation in Norwegian waters. The information is published by the Institute of Marine Research in co-operation with Oceanor, Ministry of Fisheries and Norwegian Institute for Water Research. Information is found at  HYPERLINK "http://algeinfo.imr.no/eng/" http://algeinfo.imr.no/eng/ It is important to identify the major impediments to progress (e.g. fiscal restraints, government awareness, etc.) for the ocean observing system. Please provide information on national impediments to progress in the sustained coastal ocean observing networks. Data management For open-ocean/global observations Real-time data streams For the observations reported in Section 1.1, please describe the national contribution to real-time acquisition, quality-control, archival and dissemination for each of the global observing networks, including URLs if appropriate. Specify the institution(s) responsible. DBCP Tracks from surface drifting buoys are stored at IMR at the Norwegian Marine Datacentre which is acting as NODC of Norway. OceanSITES Data from weather ship Mike are stored at the University of Bergen, but mirrored to IMR at the Norwegian Marine Datacentre which is acting as NODC of Norway. GLOSS Tide gauge data are stored at the Norwegian Hydrographic Office operating 23 national tide gauges and the data are mirrored to IMR at the Norwegian Marine Datacentre which is acting as NODC of Norway. SOT IOCCP Argo The Argo data are sent directly to the Coriolis Data Centre in France (http://www.coriolis.eu.org/cdc/argo.htm). IMR (Norway) assemble then from Coriolis Data Centre daily all Argo data from the regions in the vicinity of Norway (i.e. Nordic Seas, north North Atlantic). Satellite observations Operational daily global sea surface temperature data analyses (OSI-SAF, see saf.met.no) (met.no/EUMETSAF) Operational daily global sea ice data analyses (OSI-SAF, see saf.met.no) (met.no/EUMETSAF) The daily sea ice and sea surface temperature monitoring for the Arctic and Nordic Seas are performed by the Eumetsat Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) hosted by met.no. The OSI SAF is also providing archiving and dissemination services through the web site http://saf.met.no/ Other open-ocean sustained observations reported in Section 1.1 Annually 3-4000 CTD stations transferred in near real time, every night, to IMR. It is the intention to make the data available through the GTS system. Delayed-mode archives Are data from the global observations above collected by a national center being transferred to the ICSU World Data Centers for oceanography (WDC)? If so, please note which one, and with what frequency the data are transferred to the WDC. Annually 3-4000 CTD stations are stored at the Norwegian Marine Data centre (located at IMR) with regular transfer of data to the ICES database. The data at ICES is mirrored at the WDC Silver Spring. Are any of the global observing networks archiving data elsewhere? If so, where? Carbon data from different sources are quality controlled and analyzed by the University of Bergen. The data are sent to WDC-MARE and IMR in delayed mode. Please list any data archeology or data reprocessing activities for open-ocean/global reanalysis: OSI-SAF global sea ice reanalysis (1978-present) (met.no) IMR and the Norwegian Marine Datacentre have an ongoing process, slowly rescuing oceanographic data from paper forms. The forms are scanned and processed using OCR software to make them digital accessible.At present IMR has finished data back to 1990, but older data are planned to be processed. Partnerships What are your national plans to make the data streams and archives reported on in this section compatible with the WMO Information System (WIS)? met.no has initiated a project to implement a scientific information system fully compliant with the WIS specification. The system will be based on components from the WIS prototype SIMDAT and internally developed software for archiving, browsing and retrieving datasets and metadata (met.no) A national consortium is being set up to manage all IPY generated data the coming 2 years. The consortium will be financed by the Norwegian Research Council and the data management system being made available are depending on the amount of resources being made available. It is important to identify the major impediments to progress (e.g. fiscal restraints, government awareness, etc.) for the ocean observing system. Please provide information on national impediments to progress in sustained open-ocean/basin-scale data management activities. For coastal observations Real-time data streams For the observations reported in Section 1.2, please describe real-time acquisition, quality-control, archival and dissemination arrangements, including URLs if appropriate. Specify the institution(s) responsible. HF radar at FEdje: data processing handled at met.no, updates appear on hf.met.no within 2 hours. Coastal met. Observations handled according to WMO standards The 8 fixed stations along the Norwegian coast is available in near real time at IMR from the web site  HYPERLINK "http://data.nodc.no/stasjoner/" http://data.nodc.no/stasjoner/ The termosalinograph data from research ships are available in near real time at IMR The ferry box data from coastal steamers are made available when collected at the ship every 11th day at the web site  HYPERLINK "http://data.nodv.no/termograf" http://data.nodv.no/termograf Delayed-mode archives Are data from the coastal observations above and collected by a national center being transferred to the ICSU World Data Centers for oceanography (WDC)? If so, please note which one, and with what frequency the data are transferred to the WDC. The Norwegian coastal data are stored at IMR at the Norwegian Marine Data centre acting as NODC of Norway. The coastal data are not sent to ICES and therefore neither to the WDC system. Are any of the coastal observing networks archiving data elsewhere? If so, where? Partnerships What are your national plans to make the data streams and archives reported in this section compatible with the WMO Information System (WIS)? Met.no is aiming at full WIS compliance It is important to identify the major impediments to progress (e.g. fiscal restraints, government awareness, etc.) for the ocean observing system. Please provide information on national impediments to progress in sustained coastal ocean data management activities. Your  HYPERLINK "http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewGroupRecord&groupID=59&Itemid=42" national IODE coordinator has been asked to report in detail on data management and archiving activities by national questionnaire for IODE-XIX in March 2007. Your contributions are extremely important and valuable. Please ensure the requested information is submitted. Products and services Production of ocean environmental information For each contribution below, please specify the responsible institution/person and a URL if available, and summarize: the outputs, the main user communities, and the observational requirements. Open-ocean/global products and services Please list national contributions to global/basin-scale ocean climate analyses or reanalyses (e.g., those coordinated through CLIVAR GSOP, GHRSST-PP) OSI-SAF SST and sea ice analyses and reanalyses (met.no) Please list national contributions to global/basin-scale operational ocean forecasting (such as those coordinated through GODAE) Please list other nationally-produced open-ocean/basin-scale products or services (including analyses, forecasts, or warnings for sea ice, waves, storm surges, tsunami, currents, pollution, search-and-rescue support, etc.). Analysis and 2-10 day forecasts of currents, temperature, salinity, sea level, sea ice, waves, weather. On demand: forecasts of oil spills, drifting objects and ship drift (met.no) In Norway, several institutions producie ocean environmental information. .. NERSC produces ice-ocean forecasts for the Nordic Seas and the Arctic using the TOPAZ system. NERSC also produces satellite-based sea ice and ocean colour products. Please describe national contributions to GMDSS broadcasts if appropriate. Coastal products and services List regional/coastal products and services, including analyses, forecasts, or warnings of sea level, storm surge, and localized tsunami warning, mariner's forecasts (coastal ocean temperature and waves) or harmful algal bloom warnings. Analysis and 2-10 day forecasts of currents, temperature, salinity, sea level, sea ice, waves, weather, nutrients and algea. On demand: forecasts of oil spills, drifting objects and ship drift (met.no) Tools Are the model systems, model outputs, or data sets and services used to produce the global and regional products reported on above available or used by a larger community? If so, please provide a description of the applications and user requirements (e.g., URL, web pages, papers or a short description). Forecasting tool DIANA available under Open GC licence at met.no/Diana 50 year hindcast with the ROMS numerical model (developed at Rutgers University and updated with sea ice module from IMR). Coupled with ecosystem module NORWECOM Partnerships Does your nation have a secondary value-added industry providing downstream ocean products or services? If so, please provide details on significant downstream services in your nation. Indicate if and how these interface with government agencies. Please provide information on national impediments to the production of ocean environmental information (e.g., model skill, lack of data, lack of funding)? Application of ocean environmental information Open-ocean/global information For the open-ocean/global products and services reported on above (serving climate monitoring, forecasting, or research; or a specific operational purpose), please provide narrative answers, highlighting success stories if possible, to the following questions: Is the environmental information being successfully incorporated into problem-solving or decision-making for societal benefit? If so, how? What were key factors in reaching this success? If not, what are the major impediments to progress? Used for fisheries management advice within ICES and eutrophication issues within OSPAR What are the priority societal problems faced by your nation that could have solutions depending on open-ocean/global environmental information, but currently lack this input? Bad fisheries management due to lack of understanding of the marine ecosystem functioning, and lack of operationality of the relevant ocean climate/environment information. Coastal information For each societal goal in Coastal GOOS (see below), please provide narrative answers, highlighting success stories if possible, to the following questions: What are the major problems facing your nation? Is the environmental information reported on in Section 3.1 becoming part of the solution to those problems? If so, how? If not, what are the major impediments to progress? Detection and prediction of the effects of global climate change on coastal ecosystems Disappearance of sugar kelp on south coast most likely attributable to the elevated ocean temperatures since 1990 Safe and efficient marine operations Offshore industry is heavy user of ocean forecasts and climate information. Effective control and mitigation of the effects of natural hazards Storm surges are effectively forecasted (met.no) Reduced public health risks Protected and restored healthy ecosystems Restored and sustained living marine resources Coordination and capacity-building The ocean observing system builds on and will develop through many existing observing networks and systems. Coordination (meetings, liaison, secretariat support) aimed at creating a rational and integrated system constitutes an important contribution to the system. Global coordination and capacity-building Amount of national contribution to global coordination directly through the IOC: unearmarked funds given to the IOC Trust Fund for the observing system: 2005 total US$ ; 2006 total US$ ; intended future commitment US$ (mark time frame) earmarked funds given to the IOC (note purpose) : 2005 total US$ ; 2006 total US$ ; intended future commitment US$ (mark time frame) in kind support (i.e., secondments to the IOC) : 2005 person-years ; 2006 person years ; intended future commitment (mark time frame) Amount of national contribution to global coordination directly through the WMO (specify financial and in kind contributions as above): Comments on global coordination mechanisms (suggestions and feedback on the functioning of the coordination mechanisms GOOS, JCOMM, IODE and GCOS, their governing and subsidiary bodies, and secretariats): Capacity-building activities: please list projects that are a direct contribution to developing capacity to build or benefit from the ocean observing system at a global level. Include information on the goals, beneficiaries, methods, investment and future plans. Regional coordination and capacity-building Please detail any changes to your national or institutional participation in regional coordination bodies (GRAs, UNEP Regional Seas Conventions, FAO Regional Fisheries Bodies, LMEs) from the compilation (January 2003) found in Tables VIII.1 and VIII.2 of  HYPERLINK "http://www.ioc-goos.org/goos-125x" Annex VIII of the Coastal Strategic Implementation Plan for GOOS. Please report below on both financial and in kind contributions. Amount of national contribution to regional coordination through GRAs: Amount of national contribution to regional coordination through other IOC projects: Amount of national contribution to regional coordination through other bodies: NERSC has taken the initiative to establish Arctic GOOS Regional Alliance. A MoU is in preparation where Norwegian partners are met.no, IMR, NIVA and NERSC. Institutions from several European countries will sign the Arctic GOOS MoU which is promoted by the EuroGOOS Arctic Task Team. More information is available at http://www.nersc.no/ATT/. Please list regional projects to develop capacity across nations to build or benefit from the ocean observing system. Include information on the goals, beneficiaries, methods, investment and future plans. MERSEA ECUUP DAMOCLES iAOOS National coordination and capacity-building What is your mechanism for coordination of national agency and institution implementation of the ocean observing system? Are both ocean-related (oceanographic, hydrographic, fisheries, environmental, etc.) and meteorological agencies and institutions included? Specify if you have a National GOOS Committee. Please report on national priority requirements for improved capacity to build or benefit from the ocean observing system, and on national plans to address and sustain that capacity requirement.  http://www.oco.noaa.gov/index.jsp?show_page=page_country_contributions.jsp&nav=observing  national SOT coordinators have been requested to fill out a report by March 2007 on their activities. Please ensure the answers above are consistent.  These include the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN), the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey, and the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS).  http://www.eohandbook.com/eohb05/ceos/part3_2.html  http://www.ceos.org/CEOS%20Response%20to%20the%20GCOS%20IP.pdf  Tables II.3a, II.3b, II.3.7 in Annex II of the  HYPERLINK "http://www.ioc-goos.org/goos-148" Implementation Strategy for the Coastal Module of GOOS provide some examples of physical, chemical, biological and socio-economic observation variables. Please note that the lists should not be considered exclusive of other observation needs that may exist locally, nationally or regionally.  please note in particular changes from Table 16 (page 79) in the  HYPERLINK "http://ioc3.unesco.org/oopc/documents/gcos/Implementation_Plan_(GCOS).pdf" GCOS IP, which describes international data centres and activities by variable.  http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewGroupRecord&groupID=59&Itemid=42  http://www.ioc-goos.org/goos-125x     The ocean observing system 2007  PAGE 1 e 02CERTceuwx ?e4 5 6 g h i Y ` r s Ϯϝvvhj26CJOJQJjhj20JCJOJQJUhj20JCJOJQJ!jhj2CJOJQJUjhj2CJOJQJUhj256CJOJQJ hj2CJhj2CJOJQJhj2CJH*OJQJ hj2H* hj2H*aJhj2hj25CJOJQJ.]dex @eX Y s $$If^a$l H $$Ifa$l H $Ifl H  & F& !ejj WG444$$Ifa$l $Ifl kd#$$IfF4F#`E  06    4 Fap ~~~~c$$If]^a$l $$Ifa$l $Ifl $If^l Ff $$If^a$l $$If]^a$l $$Ifa$l        8 9 < = ? 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