аЯрЁБс>ўџ 79ўџџџ6џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС` №Пjbjb .4|c|cџџџџџџˆфффффффNrrrr ~N22žžžžžyyyЉЋЋЋЋЋЋ,dRЖ~зфyyyyyзe ффžžльe e e y"фžфžЉe ј4,"ффффyЉe e :!,ффЉ’ 3є—Тr›ЪM Љ02WR4e 4Љe фNN$rNNrText for Item 4 National contributions to the GOOS Member States participated in a revised national reporting process that contributed to an assessment of existing and planned contributions to GOOS, with a view toward sustaining and establishing substantial new support for the international facilitation, coordination, and promotion of the observing system. Eighteen replies had been received at the time of I-GOOS-VIII and, though this did not cover all Member States participating in the establishment, operation and exploitation of the system, did represent over 95% of the effort. Progress with observation networks has been substantial, in some cases spectacular, over the last decade, mostly in the open-ocean/climate area. The national reports reveal: An Argo initiative that has grown from nothing ten years ago to an array approaching the initial target of 3000 floats, or ~ 100,000 temperate and salinity profiles per year; Regional tropical mooring arrays, underpinning seasonal prediction systems; SST, surface topography, wind and ocean colour measurements from space now supporting applications from weather prediction to climate change; An extensive sea level network for climate and coastal applications, now being enhanced for tsunami warnings; and A growing investment in coastal networks, including coastal radar and moorings. There is evidence investment in the climate area is beginning to plateau, while that in coastal networks is slowly responding to the GOOS plans. Though support for coordination of this effort falls well short of Member State expectation, it should also be noted that JCOMM is but 6 years old and provides evidence of a community that is able to rationalise and re-focus in response to the challenge. Data management infrastructure appears to have responded well to the GOOS challenge and the reports indicated that nations are treating investment in this area as a fundamental aspect of the development of the observing system. The community has moved from an era of archives and proprietary data to one of rapid and efficient and largely unrestricted real-time exchange in a remarkably short time – essentially a decade. The reports indicated a steady increase in products and services, though this in all likelihood under-sells the actual progress. For example, Sea level, SST and ocean thermal observations were fundamental to the 4th Assessment Report of the IPCC and now represent a core capability for climate change assessments; There now exist at least six prototype or operational ocean prediction systems, assimilating GOOS in situ and remote data in real-time, and delivering benefits across a broad range of sectors; A new class of blended SST products has emerged, impacting a number of user sectors; and Integrated products, derived from assimilating/fusing of data from a range of platforms, are the norm rather than the exception. The specifics of such progress, and proper characterisation of the “market place” for GOOS, did not emerge clearly from the reports and remains a substantial challenge. The emergence of GOOS Regional Alliances, sometimes through established IOC mechanisms, and sometimes as fresh mechanisms is evidence of a growing interest in regional and coastal aspects of GOOS. Developing countries are to a large extent looking to these mechanisms, plus dedicated and focused capacity building to derive value from participation in GOOS. A number of interventions highlighted the limitation of the national reports in terms of developing country needs and participation – there has been progress in terms of the GOOS culture, but more is needed to enable mutually beneficial participation and true engagement. A common theme through the assessment of the reports is that the benefits and potential impact of developing robust ocean observing infrastructure remains largely unacknowledged at the level of Governments and through the potential user community in general. Targeted communication and “marketing” has been highlighted a number of times over recent years and remains a priority. Without a stronger and more coherent user pull and advocacy, increased investment beyond that attracted to research will be difficult to win. The attention given to funding as a barrier to progress is revealing in that it suggests nations are still mostly operating in a “propose-and-fund” mode rather than in one where investment and gain is following productivity and impact. The lack of a mechanism to link support for coordination to the growth in extent and complexity of the observing system remains a concern to many. Cooperation and effective coordination, at all levels from national to global, is seen as an impediment to progress. All these factors impact sustainability. In many cases national imperatives override international and intergovernmental aspirations. Present mechanisms are not well equipped to catch either the real total investment in and impact of the observing system networks, not to properly reveal the spill-over benefits for coordination and overall capability building. There is an opportunity for nations to work together more closely in the advocacy for enhanced observing infrastructure, particularly in coastal regions. The priority given to creating communication material is a good initial step. Action 4.1. The Member States, through the I-GOOS Board, and with the assistance of the GPO, to develop a mechanism to regularise national reporting and make routine the gathering of information on observation networks. The need is most pressing in the area of coastal networks. Action 4.2. The I-GOOS Board, through the GSSC and the GPO, to develop a “Summary for Policy Makers” of major achievements in GOOS over the last decade and the outlines of the business for additional participation and investment. Action 4.3. GRAs to develop a synopsis of observation networks, products and capacity development (“GRA Reports”), beginning from the National Reports, but enhanced to better represent regional engagement and plans for regional development, particularly with respect to coastal systems and products and involvement in pilot projects. Action 4.4. (For the 24th Assembly). Highlight the significant progress in the development of the system and the several major impact areas (e.g., IPCC 4AR). Highlight emerging trends, e.g. in hazards and the impacts of, and adaptation to climate change. § SUЧдрыШг#/1ќїќяќхќоќоќзаоќШќС hŸCh–DЖhŸCh–DЖH* h#Пh–DЖ hєch–DЖ h–DЖ56hєch–DЖ56hЫ& h–DЖH* h–DЖ6h–DЖ4KLњЉ ѕ ƒ ѕ E F ж з }~ ИyвSќ§st}њѕ№ѕѕѕшшшшшѕѕѕѕѕѕррррѕѕѕѕѕ & Fgd–DЖ & Fgd–DЖgd–DЖgd–DЖgd–DЖў}~›œноЦЧпрЧШњњњњњњњњњњњњњњњgd–DЖ,1hА‚. 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