ࡱ> { 0bjbjzz z&2!2!2!2!2!$V!V!V!P!4!4V!M"$"Lp"p"p"$$$MMMMMMM$P^S;M2!$$$"$$;M2!2!p"p"6PMf&f&f&$j2!p"2!p"Mf&$Mf&f&FD!Jp"KhYn2%j)H$MfM0MMHT%TH!J!JT2!5J$$f&$$$$$;M;Mf&$$$M$$$$T$$$$$$$$$$ : Addendum This addendum is an update on Capacity Building Needs and Recommendations based on the outcome of the Joint IOC-UNESCO/UN-OHRLLS-UNDAOLOS Expert Group Meeting on The Significance of Marine Science and Technology and Capacity Development for SIDS). in New York, May 1317, 2013. 1 Background 1. At the Rio+20 Conference the IOC (in partnership with the Global Ocean Forum Commitment on Capacity Development for Integrated Ocean Governance) had committed itself to conduct an assessment of capabilities and needs for marine scientific research and ocean observation in developing countries and to formulate a global strategy for responding to and implementing these needs. Such an activity is considered necessary to create enabling conditions for achieving the objectives of UN SGs initiative The Oceans Compact. 2. As a step towards developing this global strategy (see IOC-XXVII/2Annex10), IOC conducted a survey to gather information on the existing national needs and capabilities in marine scientific research, observation, and data/information management among a selected group of IOC Member States. The major element of the survey was an online questionnaire that was distributed via IOC Action addressees in cooperation with the IOC Secretariat, its Programmes and Actions, IOC Regional Sub-commissions and decentralized offices as well as UNESCO national commissions (see IOC/INF-1313). About 30 responded to the questionnaire. Preliminary results of the survey were presented at the Joint IOC-UNESCO/UN-OHRLLS-UNDAOLOS Expert Group Meeting on The Significance of Marine Science and Technology and Capacity Development for Small Islands Developing States, SIDS). 3. This document is an updated summary of the original survey results incorporating elements of capacity building needs that were considered by the group to be SIDS-specific. 2 Ocean Experts 4. Lack of a critical mass of ocean experts (both scientific and technical) and inadequacy in the infrastructure in the surveyed countries are constraints to their active participation in IOC programmes and actions and their capacity to derive benefits from them. While the current CD interventions in Data Management, Management, Monitoring and Mapping of Ocean and Coastal space are considered relevant, Ocean Sciences and related education are noted as areas with CD needs. For SIDS, there is need for interventions that are wider than the current focus on sea level monitoring and tsunami early warning systems. There the capacity to deal with tourism development and resource exploitation need to be developed. 5. Countries need qualified technical personnel to make the full and best use of the potential of marine technology transfer. However, very few institutions in the surveyed countries offer marine-related technical education. 6. The current capacity available in developing countries for the practice of marine scientific research is at their University and Government Departments. Capacity Development actions need to strengthen Universities and Technical Institutions to develop their human resources and infrastructure. As a first step, outside CD interventions could help by involving the locally available capacity in planning and implementation. Mechanisms or incentives to retain locally available capacity are inadequate. Measures are needed in support of retaining the built capacity in marine sectors and incentives for continuous upgrade of marine professionals. 7. There are developing country ocean experts who are active abroad. Needed are enhanced efforts and initiatives to systematically take advantage of this pool of experts for CD interventions. In many countries exchange programmes and guest positions are available through national investments that allow these experts to contribute to CD efforts. IOC could in cooperation with Member States coordinate initiatives to tap this valuable resource for national CD actions. 3 Training Programmes 8. IOCs training programmes in a single country have been mostly one-off, though countries have benefitted from sending personnel to training courses conducted elsewhere. Furthermore, lack of adequate infrastructure has prevented holding training programmes where they are most needed. For sustainable CD actions, they need to take a long term perspective. There is also need for multi-tiered CD actions, which aim at personnel at different levels of qualification and career, and for both scientific and technical personnel. Use of new available technologies (online courses) and the establishment of regional training centres are options to respond to these needs (e.g. Ocean Teacher Global Class Room). 9. IOCs training programmes (e.g. in Ocean Sciences) are beginning to be used as models to implement national and regional training programmes with the support of locally available expertise. They are making an important contribution in support of higher education initiatives in Member States. IOC could help develop procedures to periodically assess and evaluate these programmes. 10. Though sea-based training courses have been part of IOCs CD actions (Training-Through-Research, occasionally IODE), they have been rare and geographically limited due to lack of resources. Training programmes in data handling and management linked to sea-based training in sampling and data collection are considered extremely valuable. IOC has the option of exploring the possibilities of additional sea-based training programmes in cooperation with Member States, which possess ship capabilities and the necessary ship time. 11. The lack of dedicated vessels is acute problems for the Pacific SIDS, which have limited daily access to scientific support systems, suffer from problems associated with the remoteness of islands, and are hindered by the need to have special arrangements to reach the outer islands. Engagement with SIDS especially in the Pacific through measures that go beyond regional programmes and direct engagement on option such as capacity development centres with special functions and funding status. 4 Marine Policy Development and Implementation 12. Oceans and Sea generally get less attention from the relevant authorities at the national level with responsibility for oceans spread across a number of Ministries and Departments. This leads to inadequate resource allocation for marine topics coupled with restricted local investments in human resources and infrastructure. 13. Very few among the surveyed countries have a national marine policy or marine development plan. In most, they occur as a section in the overall national development plan, or in the national science and technology strategy. There is also the problem of policy implementation, all due to lack of required capacity and resources. The overall national capacity for compliance to oceans related conventions and treaties is weak. 14. In matters on national ocean policy development and implementation, countries require advice, assistance and training. This will enhance new efforts under way in countries to develop national plans/strategies for conservation and sustainable use of oceans and seas. Many countries are in the process of preparing their national marine development plans. This gives a unique opportunity to align CD interventions with national development priorities. Capacity is also needed to enable developing countries to actively participate in regular processes and assessments, and to benefit from them in enhancing the efficacy of national programmes. 5 Awareness 15. IOCs Programmes and Actions and the capacity to participate in them are perceived to be highly relevant by the surveyed nations for their development. However, knowledge about these Programmes and Actions as well as their potential for CD remained limited, especially in the SIDS. Most countries felt that their current participation in IOC activities could be more active. Needed are measures that involve National Centres, Universities and other groups active in ocean-related activities to enhance awareness and knowledge of: (1) full potential of IOC Programmes and Actions as well as the wide range of opportunities they offer for CD, and (2) on ocean-related Conventions, Treaties & ongoing Processes. 6 Conclusions 16. In many developing countries, oceans and seas are still an emerging theme; the systematic use of science-based management of oceans and seas is just beginning. Many have initiated actions new investments in human resources and infrastructure to enhance national capacities in the field. These actions go hand in hand with the efforts towards developing national strategies for oceans and coasts and seeking a more active role in regular processes and assessments. IOC has the unique opportunity to initiate CD actions that are in tune with these national efforts and aspirations. 17. The identified needs within the survey calls for CD interventions in: (a) Scientific research and Technology, (b) Marine/Ocean Policy Development and implementation, (c) Education and Technical Training, (d) Outreach activities. For all these components, capacity Development opportunities are available in a number of international organizations including those by organizations within the UN system, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions, civil society and other stakeholders. While continuing to make available the most effective of its current CD activities ( HYPERLINK "http://www.ioc-cd.org/index.php/activities" www.ioc-cd.org/index.php/activities), the IOC could develop a CD strategy that take into account the full range of CD interventions available to IOC and its international partners and coordinate its implementation.     ICG/CARIBE-EWSII/WD__ Page PAGE 2 IOC-XXIV/2 Annex __ Page PAGE 3 Restricted Distribution IOC-XXVII/2 Annex 10 Add. Paris, 19 June 2013 English only INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) Twenty-seventh Session of the Assembly UNESCO, Paris, 26 June5 July 2013 Item 5.5.1 of the Provisional Agenda Development of a New Capacity Development Strategy IOC-XXVII/2 Annex 10 Add. Page PAGE 2 IOC-XXVII/2 Annex 10 Add. 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