ࡱ> >A9:;<={ ֨bjbjzz _O922#####$###P$$l#zfT%&Lj&j&j&(>))zzzzzzz$C~4z9#,)((",),)4z##j&j&6mz4===,)#j&#j&z=,)z==qhnyj&ЁGon@7Zv6yz<zDv*u;~uhnyny8u#yT,),)=,),),),),)4z4z=,),),)z,),),),)u,),),),),),),),),)2$ V": Summary Article 8 (b) and (c) of the Rules of Procedure specifies that the Provisional Agenda of an ordinary session of the Assembly shall be made up of items requiring a decision by the Assembly and shall include the report by the Executive Secretary on programme implementation and on Programme and Budget. Article 49 of the Rules of Procedure requires the Executive Secretary to submit to each session of the Assembly and Executive Council a report on the work accomplished since the previous session. This document supports the oral presentation of the Executive Secretary to the Assembly on activities carried out by the Secretariat and by the Member States during the current medium-term strategy period (20082013) with an emphasis on activities carried out with a reduced budget over the last biennium (20122013). This report is complemented here by the following documents: IOC-XXVII/2 Annex1Add.1 - Implementation of IOC Governing Bodies Resolutions/Decisions IOC-XXVII/2Annex1Add.2: Summary Report of responses by Member States to Questionnaire on National Oceanographic Committees, 20122013 IOC-XXVII/2 Annex 2 Progress Report on Budget Execution (2012) and Anticipated funding for 2013. The proposed decision is referenced IOC-XXVII,Dec.3.2 in the Action Paper (document IOC-XXVII/2 Prov. Rev.) Introduction The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO is today in an unprecedented and challenging situation: its Secretariat is operating with a reduced budget and a reduced personnel, during a global economic downturn. In this uncertain environment, the IOC is required to assess what it has achieved during the past six years and to plan its strategy for the next eight years. This presents a unique opportunity for the Commission to rethink its priorities and decide on where the IOCs focus should be in the coming years. To start with let us look at some of our achievements during the last strategic planning period from 2008 to 2013. Part 1: Main Achievements of the Medium Term Strategy (20082013) Even at the start of that period, Assembly documents indicate that the financial situation of IOC was a preoccupation. In the mean time, the situation only got worse with the withholding of the US contribution. However, thanks to the extra-budgetary funds made available by Member States and through UNESCOs Emergency Funds, it has been possible to carry out a substantial number of activities and maintain our leadership in designated areas of the UN system and in our partnerships. In other areas we have had to decrease our commitments in order to allocate resources to mission critical programmes. Overall, Member States will agree that their Commission did reasonably well In spite of the difficult economic situation, IOC has been at the forefront of a number of global initiatives. Core achievements since the 45th Executive Council include the active participation of IOC in the Rio+20 Conference, with reference to the Commission in the outcome document entitled The Future We Want, as well as the role played by the IOC in the development of the UNSGs Ocean Compact. More information on this item is provided in this document in the section on Participation in UN consultations and coordination In line with its first High-Level Objective on Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards, the IOC successfully established six national tsunami warning centres three in the Indian Ocean and three in the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean region. The centres are 24/7 operational and provide alerts to Member States. In addition, tsunami Information Centres have been set up in all four tsunami warning system regions. In order to better protect lives, more tsunami exercises have been carried out and evaluated than at any point earlier. These exercises have contributed significantly to raising awareness within countries and have created better tsunami-ready citizens. This preparedness has been further improved by IOC contributing to the enhancement of the seismic and sea level detection networks. Significantly more seismic and sea level stations are now available in real time to tsunami warning centres helping to reduce the time for issuing tsunami alerts. At national and regional level, IOC organized courses or assisted with training in more than 60 workshops on hazard assessment, standard operating procedures, coastal inundation modeling and tsunami modeling and organized the production of a large set of manuals and guides in various languages helping to increase tsunami preparedness and awareness and best practices. The number of sea level stations that contribute real time data to the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) Data Centres increased from 80 to 670 stations. The real time sea level stations contribute to the four regional tsunami warning systems and enable development of new tsunami warning products in the Pacific Tsunami Warning System. The number of co-located stations with GLOSS Core Network stations has increased from about 135 to 192 enabling estimation of vertical land movement rates supporting satellite altimeter calibration and science and research efforts aimed to determine absolute global sea level rise rates. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) provided a platform to Member States to coordinate a sustained ocean observing system focused on addressing societal challenges related to weather, climate variability and change, and marine safety. Through numerous workshops and expert team meetings, the difficult but critical work of coordinating national contributions, developing common standards, sharing best practices, and developing common tools was promoted. One key coordination platform is the JCOMM Observing Programme Support Centre (JCOMMOPS), which has been maintained in 2008-2013 entirely on voluntary contributions from Member States as a platform for technical coordination and support to operators of GOOS in situ networks. It has expanded to support new programmes (OceanSITES time series stations, GO-SHIP repeat hydrography) and has hired in 2012 a third technical coordinator for ship-based observations as a pilot. During this time period, the GOOS/JCOMM metric tracking the level of implementation against agreed global targets stalled at 62%. Behind this stalled statistic, tremendous investment by Member States maintained a system that needs constant upkeep. The Argo profiling float network in 2012 measured its millionth profile, an indicator of successful observing network development, while at the same time the tropical Pacific moored array (TAO/TRITON) dropped to below 50% real-time data return for the first time as investment in mooring refresh cruises was reduced. This observing system enabled global climate science, operational seasonal climate forecasts used in management of agriculture, water, and disasters, and operational ocean forecasts used in a wide variety of services. GOOS in this period underwent a significant structural change enacted by the Assembly in 2011. This began with the OceanObs'09 conference (2125 September 2009, Venice, Italy) which took stock of achievements in sustained ocean observations over the previous decade, and developed community input for sustaining and improving societal benefits from ocean observations in the coming decade. The conference brought together more than 600 scientists from developed and developing countries, with broad interdisciplinary representation. It reinforced a vision for GOOS as bridging research and operational agencies and institutions focused on sustained ocean observations, linked to data management and ocean analysis, modelling and forecast activities, providing information to address many societal challenges. This conference and follow-up activities connected GOOS with a much wider scientific community in IOC Member States, and drove impetus for the systems design of an integrated observing system. The development of a Framework for Ocean Observing (IOC/INF-1284) took lessons learned from successful implementation of GOOS and provides systems language and thinking for application at national, regional, and global levels. It addresses coastal and open ocean observations holistically. In supporting Member State goals in coastal areas, the GOOS Panel for Integrated Coastal Observations published in 2012 a document (GOOS-193) that provides guidance on end-to-end coastal observing systems, including observations, data management, modelling, and decision-support tools, for ecosystem-based approaches to managing human uses of coastal ecosystem services and adapting to climate change. In addressing seven different societal challenges ('phenomena of interest'), it describes building blocks that give IOC Member States advice and guidance based on their own coastal challenges and priorities. An identification of these regional challenges has been at the core of an effort to reconnect with the GOOS Regional Alliances in 2012 and 2013. Returning to a historic vocation in setting scientific standards, the IOC, with the endorsement of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO), adopted the International Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10) as the official description of seawater and ice properties in marine science. All oceanographers are now urged to use the new TEOS-10 algorithms and variables to report their work ( HYPERLINK "http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001881/188170e.pdf" IOC Manuals and Guides, 56). JCOMM's Expert Team on Operational Ocean Forecast Systems (ETOOFS) was created in 2009 to coordinate ocean forecast systems that are now operational in many regions. IOC has taken the lead in supporting this team, which is developing standards for intercomparison and a Guide that will be the basis of capacity development, to extend ocean forecasting services to a greater number of Member States. JCOMM provides a focal point for WMO's growing recognition of the importance of ocean observations and services in their work, providing another powerful advocate for oceanography. In ocean science, IOC has worked in a number of areas for the standardisation of methods in order to allow better sharing of data. The International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) was able to improve compatibility and comparability of results of ocean carbon data and deliver products that can be integrated with the terrestrial, atmospheric and human dimensions components of the global carbon cycle. The IOCCP Surface Ocean CO2 database (SOCAT) reached 6.3 million surface water CO2 data in 2012. IOC has worked with IOCCP, NOAA and other partners to establish an International Ocean Acidification Observing System. A total of 125 biogeochemical time series have been compiled from around the world, which could be the embryo for a monitoring network for standardized measurement of ocean acidification. IOC is co-sponsoring together with Conservation International (CI) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a Scientific Working Group on Blue carbon and a field guideline will be published by the end of 2013. Climate variability and climate change modify the functioning of many ocean processes creating adverse impacts on marine ecosystems and the goods and services they provide and IOC has addressed this problem through a number of initiatives. GLOBEC, the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics, a joint programme between SCOR, IGBP and IOC has created a community of practice involving 1800 scientist, with more than 3000 papers published in peer review journals, a conceptual approach to marine ecosystems and scientific legacy that still continues in 25 countries. GLOBEC officially concluded its timeline in 2010 but it is recognized by the sponsoring organizations (SCOR, IGBP and IOC) as a very successful project and an inspiration to others. In the field of Marine Spatial Planning, IOC, in June 2009, published the Guide Marine Spatial Planning: a step-by-step approach toward ecosystem-based management. Over 5,000 copies have been distributed and downloaded from the IOC website. The guide has been translated in French, Chinese, Vietnamese, Portuguese and Russian and it will soon be translated in Spanish. The guide has been widely used namely in Massachusetts and Washington by the National Ocean Policy Task Force, in British Columbia, Canada, in Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Poland, New Zealand, China, Vietnam and Costa Rica. The IOC Guide has greatly contributed to the visibility of IOC and has been quoted as one of the best practical reference to MSP in the world by the Marine Conservation Institute of USA and cited in almost every publication related to MSP over the past few years. In August 2011, IOC received an additional grant from the Moore Foundation to develop a second guide to performance monitoring and evaluation of marine spatial plans that will be published in July 2013. In 2005, the UN General Assembly requested IOC and UNEP to lead the preparatory stage towards the establishment of a regular process for comprehensive assessments of the worlds oceans, by conducting an Assessment of Assessments (AoA), with a view to identify (a) best practices in marine assessment, (b) thematic and geographic assessment gaps and needs, and (c) propose a framework and options for the Regular Process to be considered by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). IOC and UNEP established a group of expert that worked for 2 years on the AoA. IOC and UNEP also engaged with other UN agencies such as WMO, IMO, and FAO in preparing the report. Following an intensive peer review process, the AoA report was published and submitted to the UNGA in September 2009. The Report identified a set of recommendations and options for establishing the Regular Process under the UN GA. In 2010, the GA finally agreed on a way forward and launched the Regular Process building on the recommendations of the AoA report. In addition to the report, IOC and UNEP were successful in mobilizing resources for the AoA phase; more than US$1Million were raised from Member States and others donors. The AoA report constitutes an international reference in the field of environmental assessment and science-policy interface. Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) impact on many sectors of society namely food safety, public health, sustainable aquaculture and tourism. IOC therefore focuses on providing guidance and coupling recent findings with improved management. Advice on seafood safety is provided to Member States by a Task Team on biotoxin which also links with FAO and WHO initiatives and responsibilities addressed by the Codex Committee on Fish and Fishery Products. Major progress was made in providing a Harmful Algal Information System in cooperation with the International Ocean Data Exchange Programme, IODE, to provide open and free access to data on HAB occurrences and impacts with the view to developing regular Global HAB Status Reports. The IOC Newsletter on HAB, Harmful Algae News celebrated its 20 years anniversary in 2012 with the launch of a new on-line version and provided scientists, managers, students and interested public with news on HAB events worldwide as well as information on international cooperation for mutual benefit and enhancement of capacity to cope with the impacts of harmful algal events on society. The IOC Project Office for IODE, established in April 2005, enabled the creation of a global technical training centre. This was combined with the development of the OceanTeacher training platform into the OceanTeacher Academy. The result has been the training of over one thousand students from over one hundred Member States and the online availability of all course materials as well as documented knowledge (digital library). OceanTeacher is now gradually expanding to other programme areas confirming IOC's commitment to achieve equitable participation of all Member States in ocean research, observation and services. OBISis the world'slargest global onlineopen-access database on the diversity, distribution andabundance of all marinelife. It is unique in that it provides a baseline, against which future change can bemeasuredand is used around the globe for planning oceanconservationpolicies, identifying biodiversity hotspotsand global trends in speciesdistributions. Through OBIS, IOC's IODE adds biological data to its data coverage. OBIS will provide a substantial contribution to IOC's mandate on climate change by addressing the impact of climate change on marine biodiversity. In the regions, the launching of the IOC Sub Commission for Africa and the Adjacent Island States (IOCAFRICA) is an important milestone for the IOC and marks a significant transformation in the way that the Commission engages with member states from the region. The secretariat for the Sub Commission was established at the UNESCO Regional Office in Nairobi, Kenya and a Technical Secretary appointed to coordinate IOC activities in Africa. The Sub Commission has developed a strategic plan to achieve its objectives. In the Western Pacific, there is now increased participation and increased commitments from member states; additional resources are made available by them for the development and implementation of WESTPAC activities. One of the main accomplishments is the setting up of the IOC Regional Network of Training and Research Centres on Marine Science with one IOC Regional Training and Research Centre on Ocean Dynamics and Climate (ODC) in operation in China and several others under development. Through IOCARIBE participation, the Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem project has set the trend by the adoption of an Ecosystem Based Management of shared living marine resources focused on governance. Part 2: Report on Programme Implementation (20122013) Delegates will recall that the Draft IOC Medium-Term Strategy for 20142021 which was presented at the 45th Executive Council (2012) recommended that the number of high-level objectives be minimised, making them more strategic, inspirational and reflective of societal concerns, (such as climate change and disaster risk reduction) to prioritize those strategic actions that reflect IOCs unique mandate within the UN system, and to recognize different mechanisms and partnerships for implementation by the IOC. The Intersessional Financial Advisory Group held consultations with its members and during this session will present a consolidated document to the Assembly. Since the 45th session of the Executive Council, one additional Member State has joined the CommissionSt Vincent and the Grenadinesbringing the total IOC Membership to 145 Member States. General policy issues On 5 April 2012, the General Assembly, at its 66th session, adopted resolution A/RES/66/231 on Oceans and the law of the sea. In the relation to the work of the IOC, the General Assembly: Encouraged States to use the Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology adopted by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its twenty-second session, in 2003, and recalled the important role of the secretariat of that Commission in the implementation and promotion of the Criteria and Guidelines; Took note with appreciation of the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, with the advice of the Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea, on the development of procedures for the implementation of Parts XIII and XIV of the Convention, and also took note of the ongoing review of the Advisory Body of Experts by an open-ended working group with representatives from member States; Stressed the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans-atmosphere interface, including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council for Science, particularly considering their role in monitoring and forecasting climate change and variability and in the establishment and operation of tsunami warning systems; Took note with appreciation of the progress made by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Member States towards the establishment of regional and national tsunami warning and mitigation systems, welcomed the continued collaboration of the United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations in this effort, and encouraged Member States to establish and sustain their national warning and mitigation systems, within a global, ocean-related multi-hazard approach, as necessary, to reduce loss of life and damage to national economies and strengthen the resilience of coastal communities to natural disasters; Took note of the 2011 report of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, entitled Ocean data buoy vandalism incidence, impact and responses and urged States to take necessary action and to cooperate in relevant organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, to address damage to ocean data buoys deployed and operated in accordance with international law, including through education and outreach about the importance and purpose of these buoys, and by strengthening these buoys against such damage, and increasing reporting of such damage; Invited the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Maritime Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and other competent United Nations specialized agencies, as appropriate, to continue to provide technical and scientific support to the Regular Process; Noted with appreciation the support provided by the Division to the Regular Process, and noted also with appreciation the technical and logistical support of the United Nations Environment Programme and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; Report of the Secretary-General on Oceans and the Law of the Sea The IOC Secretariat submitted its contribution to the report of the Secretary-General on Oceans and the Law of the Sea prepared pursuant to the request made by the General Assembly. A. Report A/66/79/Add.1 is available on the website of the Division of Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS): ( HYPERLINK "http://www.un.org/Depts/los/general_assembly/general_assembly_reports.htm" http://www.un.org/Depts/los/general_assembly/general_assembly_reports.htm) The contribution of IOC referred in particular to the following: At its forty-fifth session, held in June 2012, the IOC Executive Council decided that the IOC Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea (ABE-LOS) would continue its work with a focus on priorities as tasked by the IOC governing bodies. In February 2012, IOC/UNESCO announced a partnership with the research schooner Tara to promote awareness of the ocean and emphasize its importance at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro from 20 to 22 June 2012. The cooperation focuses on climate change and the importance of sustainable management practices. The first meeting of the Global Ocean Observing System Steering Committee, held in June 2012, emphasised the importance of sustaining present observations, affirmed the importance of expanding the System into new variables and recognized the need to develop the capacity of member States to participate in it. At its forty-fifth session, the Executive Council of IOC established an intersessional consultation of all IOC member States to identify scientific and technical issues within the IOC mission and mandate to improve its activities in the area of sustained ocean observations and services. The participants at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development also called for international cooperation in the observation of ocean acidification and vulnerable ecosystems. The relevance of global mapping and the collection of environmental data through the Global Earth Observation System of Systems were also noted. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development recognized the importance of building the capacity of developing countries and emphasized the need for cooperation in marine scientific research to implement the provisions of the UNCLOS and the outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development, as well as for the transfer of technology, taking into account the IOC criteria and guidelines on the transfer of marine technology. At its forty-fifth session, the IOC Executive Council took note of the conclusions of the Ad Hoc Advisory Group for the IOC Ocean Sciences Section, which had recommended that the Section focus on supporting local and global initiatives to address scientific gaps, improving inclusiveness through national capacity-building, especially in Africa, and, consistent with UNESCO priorities, supporting the interdisciplinary nature of research. The IOTWS reached its full operational stage during the biennium and on 31 March 2013 JMA and PTWC formally stopped their almost eight year temporary tsunami warning coverage for the Indian Ocean. At its eighth session, held in November 2011, the ICG for the TEW and Mitigation System in the North-Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas acknowledged the steady progress made towards the provision of tsunami watch services for the region. At its seventh session, held in April 2012, the ICG for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions highlighted significant progress in the area of sea-level monitoring, with 38 sea-level stations available for tsunami monitoring. Seismic monitoring has also improved significantly, with over 100 stations delivering real-time data for tsunami monitoring. On 16 and 17 February 2012, IOC/UNESCO co-organized with the Government of Japan and the United Nations University an international symposium entitled The great East Japan tsunami on 11 March 2011 and tsunami warning systems: policy perspectives. The UN General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to prepare a report, for its consideration at the sixty-eighth session, on developments and issues relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including the implementation of the resolution. Following this request IOC has provided to DOALOS information on the topic of focus of the fourteenth meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea entitled Impacts of ocean acidification on the marine environment. IOC reported on current activities including: progress on the Development of an Ocean Acidification Observing Network, the outcomes from Third International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World, and the Cooperation between the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) and IOC/UNESCO. Global Priorities: Africa, Gender Equality The focus on Africa continued with the finalization and adoption of the draft Strategic plan for the IOC Sub-Commission for Africa and the Adjacent Island States at the second session of the Sub-Commission hosted by South Africa in Cape Town in April 2013. The draft will be considered by this session of the IOC Assembly and will form the basis for IOCs interventions in Africa. Implementation of on-going initiatives such as the Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa continued, and resources were allocated from the Emergency fund for implementation of activities in a range of areas including assessment and response to coastal hazards, ocean observations, and climate change adaptation. New projects on enhancing oceanography capacities have been developed and will be implemented with support from Belgium, China and Spain. Details of these are provided in the section of this report on the Sub Commission. Gender Equality: The IOC, in partnership with the Rachel Carson Centre of the University of Munich, organized a special event on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the publication of Silent Spring, in 1962, by Rachel Carson. The book is widely credited with helping launch the environmental movement, first in the United States and then globally. Rachel Carson is also the author of the so-called sea trilogy, The Sea Around Us, The Edge of the Sea, and Under the Sea Wind. In 1952, The Sea Around Us became a prize-winning study of oceanography. The event was organized around two main sessions. A first session focused on Rachel Carson and her legacy, in particular concerning the environmental movement and environmental legislation, while the second part focused on the role of women in the environmental movement. The event was funded through a donation of the Rachel Carson Center and was supported by USA and Germany. Capacity Development and Transfer of Technology: The IOC, in partnership with the Global Ocean Forum, made a voluntary Commitment at the Rio+20 Conference on Building Global Capacity for Marine Sciences, Observation and Transfer of Marine Technology. This commitment aims at conducting a global and regional assessment of capacity development needs in the field of marine scientific research and ocean observation especially in developing nations and SIDS, leading to the formulation and implementation of a global strategy to implement these needs, through partnership with countries, donors, UN Agencies, global financial institutions and the private sector. This commitment is based on the proposal contained in the IOC-led interagency publication, A Blueprint for Ocean and Coastal Sustainability, and will be implemented in close cooperation with the Global Ocean Forum-led Voluntary Commitment on building global capacity for integrated ocean governance. A survey, carried out in a sample of 20 countries has been completed and the report will form the basis of a strategy to be formulated in consultation with Member States, based on the need to strengthen national institutions, individual skills and knowledge, and national science-policy frameworks in the short and long term. Workshops will be organised with countries and donors to validate the strategy for partnerships and funding. A workshop was also organised in New York from 14 to 17 May 2013 in collaboration with the UN-OHRLLS in order to present the survey to the SIDS countries and to obtain their views and priorities for the draft CD strategy (see document IOC-XXVII/2Annex10Add.) Participation in UN consultations and coordination: Rio+20, UNSGs Ocean Compact Rio+20: Following the instructions received through IOC Resolution XXVI-5 calling, inter alia, for IOC to play an advocating role for the ocean during the Rio+20 preparatory process, IOC engaged actively in the Rio+20 process through a number of activities. The IOC Statement was circulated to all IOC Member States and collaborating organisations. It was submitted to the Secretariat of Rio+20 as an input to the zero draft of the outcome document together with the UN inter-agency report "A Blueprint for Ocean and Coastal Sustainability", led by IOC . In the first half of 2012, IOC organised a number of side events on Ocean and Coastal Sustainability in the context of Rio+20, at the European Parliament, Brussels, as well as at the UN in New York on the margins of the Rio+20 preparatory meetings. During the Rio Conference (June 2012), IOC organized 3 major side events: (i) one on ocean and science, organized during the ICSU forum put the emphasis on the need for more comprehensive marine research to fully understand and evaluate the impacts of global change on the world's ocean and for the implementation of an international framework of cooperation for both ocean research and governance; (ii) the Ocean Day, co-chaired and co-organised together with the Global Ocean Forum, which brought together high-level representatives from governments, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, industry, and the science community; (iii) an official UNESCO Side event on the Ocean, bringing science, World Heritage and education perspectives on ocean issues. The final outcome document adopted at Rio contains a substantial section on ocean matters with 18 decisions defined, seven of these being particularly relevant to the work of IOC. These relate to the issues of: capacity development and the application of the  HYPERLINK "http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001391/139193m.pdf" IOC Guidelines for the transfer of marine technology (Art.160); the UN Regular process (Art.161); conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (Art.162); sea level rise and coastal erosion (Art.165); ocean acidification (Art. 176); ocean fertilization, (Art.167); and area-based conservation measures, including marine protected areas (Art.177). One of the main outcomes of the Rio+20 Conference was the agreement by Member States to launch a process to develop a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will build upon the Millennium Development Goals and converge with the post 2015 development agenda. In this context, the IOC will provide scientific and technical inputs to this SDG process. As a first step, IOC took part in the UN Expert Group Meeting organised by UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) Division on Sustainable Development, on 1819 April 2013. These meetings will support the SDG intergovernmental process by providing factual information of the importance of the ocean in the context of the sustainable development. The Secretary-Generals Oceans Compact: IOC is playing an active role together with UNEP, FAO and UNDP in the development of the SGs Oceans Compact which was launched in Yeosu, Republic of Korea, in August 2012. The Oceans Compact aims to mobilize and enhance the UN systems capacity to support actions by governments, and promote the engagement of intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, scientists, the private sector and industry to tackle challenges in protecting and restoring the health and productivity of the ocean for the benefit of present and future generations. The Oceans Compact is an initiative to set out a strategic vision for the UN system to deliver on its ocean-related mandates, consistent with the Rio+20 outcome document "The Future We Want", in a more coherent and effective manner. It aims to provide a platform for all stakeholders to collaborate and accelerate progress in the achievement of the common goal of "Healthy Oceans for Prosperity. IOC will contribute to the three objectives of the Oceans Compact which are : Protecting people and improving the health of the oceans; Protecting, recovering and sustaining the oceans environment and restoring their full food production and livelihoods services; and Strengthening ocean knowledge and management of the ocean. IOC is supporting the development of the Compact and together with UNEP and UNDP is providing secretarial support to the Oceans Compact Advisory Group that was established to develop a results oriented action plan. It is expected that IOC would coordinate and lead a number of Oceans Compact actions, as appropriate, within the time frame of the Compact (20122017). IOC is also scheduled to host in 2013 one the meetings of the SG Advisory Panel. Subsidiary Bodies IOCAFRICA: The second session of the IOC Sub-Commission for Africa and the Adjacent Island States was hosted by the South Africa Department of Environmental Affairs at the University of Western Cape, in Cape Town, South Africa on 34 April 2013. It was attended by more than 60 participants representing 19 Member States along with other partners, including UN agencies, the LME projects and NGOs. The session reviewed and revised the Draft Strategic Plan for the Sub Commission, which was prepared by an Inter-sessional Working Group established for this purpose by the first session. The Strategy outlines how the Sub-Commission intends to achieve the IOC objectives, focussing on the priority issues such as climate change adaptation, water quality degradation, coastal erosion, coastal and marine hazards etc., and utilizing knowledge generation, capacity development, partnerships resource mobilization and public awareness and advocacy. IOCAFRICA is carrying out a comprehensive assessment of capacities for marine sciences in Africa. It also participated in a regional meeting on Capacity Development for Southern Africa region organised by SCOR in Namibia in November 2012. The implementation of the project on Integrated Data and Information Products and Services for the Management of Ocean and Coastal Zones in Africa (ODINAFRICA-IV) continued with the development of Coastal and Marine Atlases, African Register of Marine Species, Library catalogues and literature repositories. Workshops were organized on: Coastal and Marine Atlases development (in Nairobi, Kenya and in Windhoek, Namibia), Marine Information Management (Mombasa, Kenya), development of the African Register of Marine Species (Tunis, Tunisia), and ODINAFRICA Regional Coordination (Lome, Togo and Tunis, Tunisia). The consultative meeting on sustained ocean observations and services in Africa was held on 21 and 22 January 2013 in Cape Town, South Africa. The experts developed some strategic input for the future of ocean observations in Africa and focused on "ocean information for human and economic security". The results of the consultation will form the basis for development projects that national and donor organizations can invest in to improve the ocean observations and information products. Other initiatives implemented include: (i) Enhancing collaboration between the ocean and climate communities in order to improve climate prediction through incorporation of ocean data, implemented with the InterGovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Climate Prediction and Application Centre ICPAC and the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association WIOMSA, and (ii) marine mammal survey undertaken with the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem project aboard the RV Fridjhof Nansen. The Government of Spain has provided funds for implementation of a project on 'Enhancing oceanography capacities in West Africa and IOC will soon be signing a MoU with China through which resources will be provided for capacity development in Africa. The support of the Republic of Korea in funding the two meetings of IOCAFRICA, the capacity assessment and a brochure on the sub-commission is acknowledged. The Government of Kenya has seconded one professional to IOCAFRICA and is paying all associated costs. The projects funded by the Government of Flanders, Belgium and the Republic of Korea are ending in 2013 and additional resources must be identified to be able to sustain the momentum already developed. IOCARIBE: The Twelfth Session of the IOC/UNESCO Sub-Commission for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (SC-IOCARIBE-XII) was held in Panama City, Panama from 9 to 12 April 2013. The Session was attended by 37 participants from twelve countries of the Caribbean Region, UN Agencies and regional organizations. The Sub-commission acknowledged with satisfaction the completion of the Sustainable Management of the Shared Living Marine Resources of the Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem and Adjacent Regions (CLME), a $58 million GEF funded project, as well as the preparation of the CLME Strategic Action Programme and its technical approval by the CLME Steering Committee. Considering the important contribution of this project to the Caribbean Sea shared living marine resources management, improved governance, enhanced capacity building, sustainable fisheries management and sea food safety, the Sub commission urged IOCARIBE Member States to endorse the CLME Strategic Action Programme as a matter of priority in order that the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) can consider it in the upcoming GEF Council. An IOCARIBE-GOOS Working Group of Experts was established with the purpose of recommending priorities and actions required for the full establishment of a coordinated, integrated, interoperable and sustainable regional ocean and coastal observing system in the IOCARIBE region. A World Ocean Assessment Workshop for the Wider Caribbean Region (HYPERLINK "http://www.woawcr.org" \hwww.WOAwcr.org) was held in Miami, Florida, USA, 13-15 November 2012. Twenty five countries and regional/ national institutions and UN Agencies participated. Within the framework of The Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) and in partnership with the Dominican Republic National Commission for Hydrology (CHy), the Coastal Inundation Forecasting Project (CIFDP) has been designed in Dominican Republic. The CIFDP project aims to provide a strategy for building improved operational forecast and warning capability for coastal inundation. The IOCARIBE Project "Demonstrate Approaches for Nutrient and Sediment Reduction at Selected Pilot Study Areas in the Wider Caribbean, has been developed as part of the GEF Integrating Water, Land and Ecosystems Management in Caribbean SIDS - IWEco (successor project to GEF IWCAM) Project. IWEco is a GEF financed project with a 20 million USD support and a co-financing of 118 millions USD; the implementing agencies are UNEP and UNDP. IODE programmes and Training capacities and facilities have been instrumental for strengthening IOCARIBE Member States capacities in marine Information management. Further actions were taken to promote and develop OceanDocs in ODINCARSA region, with the development of a Spanish version of the OceanDocs Policy Document, the promotion of OceanDocs within the Latin American IAMSLIC Group as well as the promotion of the inclusion of gray literature in OceanDocs to increase input. Caribbean Marine Atlas (CMA) project: A total of five prototype national marine atlases had been implemented as of late 2012 (Barbardos, Cuba, Dominica, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago) and one additional national atlas (Turks and Caicos) is expected to be published by mid-2013. HAB-ANCA (Alga Nocivas de Caribe): Members of the Group produced publications on Ciguatera and organised a workshop entitled Ciguatera as a potential risk to public health in the Caribbean HAB ANCA Session were held on 25 and26 April 2013 in Mexico with the sponsorship of Mexicos Ministry of Education IOS Review of IOCARIBE Office: On the request of the IOC Secretariat, the Internal Oversight Office (IOS) of UNESCO carried out a review exercise of the regional structure of the IOCARIBE Secretariat. The purpose of the review was to identify operational constraints and offer recommendations for the future. The key findings of the review are that (i) the current division of the Secretariat between two locations (Kingston and Cartagena) is inefficient; (ii) there are a number of positive achievements of IOCARIBE, yet the current situation is not sustainable in terms of (future) performance and results; (iii) IOCARIBE is well-positioned to attract extra budgetary resources, yet has been unable to develop this potential; (iv) the Secretariat's lack of technical staff is the core cause undermining its effectiveness and sustainability. The key recommendations of IOS are that (i) the IOCARIBE Secretariat be granted a trial period of two years to demonstrate enhanced performance, effectiveness and develop a strong basis for financial sustainability of the Secretariat's operations in the future. During this period, the Secretariat should operate from one location and with a full-time IOCARIBE Secretary. (See IOC-XXVII/2 Annex12) WESTPAC: For its biennial programme (June 2012June 2014) WESTPAC operates with a total budget exceeding US$3million. Twelve regional workshops and strategic planning meetings, four regional trainings and summer schools and two joint cruises have been conducted across three key thematic areas of ocean processes in the Indo-Pacific region, namely biodiversity, food safety and ecosystem health. (see IOC/INF-1300) WESTPAC continues to actively engage in the World Ocean Assessment. Following the recommendations made at the workshop for Eastern and South-Eastern Asian Seas (Sanya, China, 21-23 February 2012), WESTPAC, in collaboration with the UNEP partners and the Asia - Pacific Network for Global Change Research, organized one Regional Scientific and Technical Capacity Building Workshop on the World Ocean Assessment in Bangkok, Thailand, 1719 September 2012 with focus on building the capacity of Member States for the conduct of the integrated marine assessment. WESTPAC endeavours to demonstrate the value of observations and services for various stakeholders through the development of the SEAGOOS Ocean Forecasting System and SEAGOOS Monsoon Onset Monitoring and its Social & Ecosystem Impacts. The SEAGOOS Ocean Forecasting System will be expanded, over its second phase, to cover the region of (20S-20N, 80E-145E), and develop higher resolution models in a couple of selected sub-domains upon the request of participating countries. Great importance has been attached by WESTPAC to capacity building in response to the ever increasing demands of a number of developing countries in the region for capacity to sustainably manage their coastal and marine resources. WESTPAC has assisted in the setting up of the IOC Regional Network of Training and Research Centres on Marine Sciences with regular trainings provided at the IOC Regional Training and Research Center on Ocean Dynamics and Climate and consultations being made with other potential host for other regional centres. Meanwhile, regular training opportunities have been provided, respectively on marine invasive species, harmful algal blooms, toxic marine organisms and coral reef restoration. WESTPAC will celebrate its 25th Anniversary with the following objectives: (i) to take stock of advances in marines sciences and related international cooperation in the Western Pacific; (ii) to promote and demonstrate to governments and the public the value and importance of the Sub-Commission's achievements; and (iii) to plan its future directions in marine science, and related sciences and services. A series of commemorative activities has been planned and will be organized from July 2013 to April 2014. These include the 9th WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium from 22 to 25 April 2014 in NhaTrang, Vietnam with the theme of A Healthy Ocean for Prosperity in the Western Pacific: Scientific challenges and possible solutions. High-level Objective 1: Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards The governance process for the four regional tsunami warning systems has continued as best as possible considering the financial situation. Thanks to the contributions from the UNESCO Emergency Fund and contributions from member states, it has been possible to convene the ICG meetings as planned: [ICG/CARIBEEWS-VII (24 April, 2012, Curacao); ICG/CARIBEEWS-VIII (29 Apr.1 May 2013, Trinidad and Tobago); ICG/NEAMTWS-IX (1013 September 2012, UK); ICG/NEAMTWS-X, November 2013 TBD; ICG/IOTWS-IX 2730 November 2012, Indonesia; ICG/PTWS-XXV 1113 September 2013, Russian Federation). In the biennium the four ICGs have held communication and tsunami exercises. These exercises have been very successful and have had increased participation among Tsunami Warning Focal Points. They have further increased the awareness of decisions makers and of emergency management institutions. The Regional Tsunami Service Providers (RTSP) of Australia, India and Indonesia assumed full operational responsibility for the provision of RTSP Service Level-2 tsunami advisories for the Indian Ocean Area of Responsibility as from 31 March 2013. IOC expresses deep appreciation to the Governments of Japan and the United States of America for the provision of the Interim Tsunami Advisory Service for the Indian Ocean region by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) from April 2005 to 31 March 2013. For the NEAMTWS region there has been steady progress towards the provision of tsunami watch services for the region. In July/August 2012 three nations officially announced to IOC that their national tsunami watch centres were operational and that they had the ability to act as Candidate Tsunami Watch Providers, pending their accreditation. They are the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute in Istanbul, Turkey; the French National Tsunami Warning Centre (hosted by the French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energy Commission) and the Athens National Observatory (Greece). These institutions can provide watch services and alert messages to any Member State of the region upon request. Tsunami information centres have now been established in four tsunami regions. Thanks to the UNESCO Emergency Fund it has been possible to set up the Caribbean Tsunami Information Center in partnership with UNDP and the Department of Emergency Management (Barbados). NEAMTIC was established in 2010 and has developed a number of tsunami information and awareness raising products (HYPERLINK "http://neamtic.ioc-unesco.org/"http://neamtic.ioc-unesco.org/ ). The project was funded by the EU Directorate for Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection. The TSU has continued capacity development activities in support of tsunami and ocean related hazards. These activities are a combination of short to medium term projects that encompass advice, technology transfer and training. In addition TSU has also engaged in opportunistic training activities with due consideration to resources available and ongoing activities. TSU has ongoing projects in Oman (i) Self Benefitting Funds in Trust towards development of a National Multi Hazard Early Warning System); (ii) Sea level network reinforcements in the Caribbean (funded by Brazil, Grenada and Monaco); (iii) IOC Strengthening Haitian capacities for tsunami early warning and preparedness in partnership with the UNESCO Port au Prince Office (funded by European Commission DIPECHO); (iv) Investigation of the written and oral history of tsunami events in the Makran Coastal Region in partnership with the UNESCO Jakarta Office (Funded by UNESCAP); and (v) Enhancing Tsunami Risk Assessment and Management, Strengthening Policy Support and Developing Guidelines for Tsunami Exercises in Indian Ocean Countries (funded by UNESCAP). IOC has also partnered with the UNESCO Santiago Office concerning the now finished project: Strengthening of the Regional Tsunami Early Warning System in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru (funded by EU DIPECHO). IOC has contributed to several training courses carried under this project. (HYPERLINK "http://portal.unesco.org/geography/en/ev.php-URL_ID=16577&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html"http://portal.unesco.org/geography/en/ev.php-URL_ID=16577&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html) Thanks to contributions from the UNESCO Emergency Fund the first IOC training course on Coastal Hazard Assessment - Applications in Risk Assessment, Management and Mitigation was held, Colombo, Sri Lanka from 19 to 22 March 2013. A full list of the training course activities is provided in the calendar of IOC/TSU. IOC/TSU organized the Japan-UNESCO/UNU Symposium on The Great East Japan Tsunami on 11 March 2011 and one entitled: Tsunami Warning Systems: Policy Perspectives 16 - 17 February 2012 at UNU Tokyo. The Symposium was opened by His Imperial Highness Crown Prince Naruhito and Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO. Close to 300 people attended the symposium. The symposium offered a number of invited high level perspectives from decision makers and scientists and provided in-depth analyses of the event. The Summary Statement and Proceedings from the symposium is available at: HYPERLINK "http://ioc-tsunami.org/tohokusymposium"http://ioc-tsunami.org/tohokusymposium. In the biennium two long term IOC staff members left the TSU, namely Stefano Belfiore and Masahiro Yamamoto. Stefano Belfiore left at the end of August 2012 to take up a post with the WMO. Mr Yamamotto left at the end of May 2012 but kindly continued on a $1 contract till 13 October 2012. IOC is very grateful to Japan for having supported Mr Yamamoto for the past 4.5 years. IOC welcomed Ardito Kodijat who started in a regular programme funded post in the UNESCO Jakarta Office on 1 October 2012. This post is jointly shared with the UNESCO Science section and Mr Ardito will work 50% for IOC mainly related to the Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center and on Disaster Risk Reduction. High-level Objective 2: Mitigation of the impacts of, and adaptation to, climate change and variability The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) coordinates Member State contributions to a collaborative observing system responding to societal requirements for climate monitoring and projections, weather forecasting, and safety of life at sea and on the coasts. It is now addressing a growing global set of requirements for sustained observations and information about the ocean, engaging with partners in a Framework for Ocean Observing, expanding the number of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) considered, and improving the readiness of the observing system to provide data to sustainably manage the ocean. The most mature global requirements for GOOS are those for climate monitoring, projections, and research. These requirements were set in cooperation with the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) by the joint GCOS-GOOS-WCRP Ocean Observations Panel for Climate. These requirements cover satellite and in situ observations. Two examples from the global in situ networks for climate, drawn from the Argo profiling float network and the TAO/TRITON array of tropical Pacific moored buoys, illustrate successes and challenges of Member States building GOOS. In November 2012, the Argo profiling float network collected its one millionth profile of vertical temperature and salinity, twice the number collected by all research vessels in the 20th century. 120,000 new profiles are collected every year, about one new profile every four minutes.  Status of the Argo profiling float array as of 24 March 2013. The tropical Pacific moored array (TRITON maintained by JAMSTEC/Japan west of 160E and TAO maintained by NOAA/USA east of 160E) has been said to be 'in crisis' at the moment. The US moorings are presently (April 2013) returning only about 50% of potential data, due to a lack of ship time to service the array. This points to the tremendous challenge of sustaining the observing effort.  Data availability (solid squares) in the TAO/TRITON tropical Pacific moored array. The TAO moorings, which have not been serviced for lack of ship time, are showing poor data returns. The JCOMM Observations Programme Area and the JCOMM in situ Observing Platform Support centre (JCOMMOPS) keep statistics of the networks contributing to the GOOS climate observing effort. Since 2009, the metric of % of the global in situ system sustained against initial goals has been 62%. Unfortunately in April 2013 this figure dipped (for the first time) to 61% due to difficulties in sustaining the tropical moored arrays in the Pacific and Atlantic, and due to technical difficulties with the surface drifting buoys. The new GOOS Steering Committee (SC) met in June 2012, immediately preceding the 45th Executive Council, for the first time since the reform of GOOS structures and scope by the 26th Assembly in 2011. Significant progress on its work plan was achieved by the time of its second meeting (2527 March 2013, Qingdao, China), supported in large part by the UNESCO Emergency Fund. Some highlights of this work plan include: Broadening the variables examined by GOOS and establishing three disciplinary panels to determine societal requirements for sustained observations of physical, geochemical, and biology/ecosystems variables. These panels are based on the OOPC for physics, the IOCCP for carbon/geochemistry, and a new panel for biology/ecosystems, building on the legacy of the Panel for Integrated Coastal Observations (PICO) and in cooperation with the GEO Biodiversity Observing Network and OBIS. Engaging with key conventions and assessments on their needs for ocean information, including with the Convention on Biological Diversity at their 11th Conference of the Parties (October 2011, Hyderabad, India), the UN World Ocean Assessment and the GEF-sponsored Transboundary Waters Assessment. Improving outreach and engaging with partners, including the Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean, and identifying a role for GOOS in the emerging Global Framework for Climate Services. GOOS co-sponsored the GCOS-led "Workshop on Observations for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change" (Offenbach, Germany, February 2013) which was a first effort at capturing requirements. Engaging IOC Member States, improving GOOS Regional Alliance implementation, and improving capacity development for GOOS. The GOOS Project Office was involved in two regional meetings focused on sustained ocean observations. One was held as a meeting of GOOS Experts from Africa in Cape Town in January 2013. Another meeting, funded by the Republic of Korea and Brazil, was held for Group III Member States (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, March 2013). Following the successful Fourth Session of the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) held in Yeosu, Republic of Korea (May 2012), JCOMM Members/Member States and teams have concentrated on an ambitious work plan. Financial support from the Republic of Korea for 20122013 has allowed IOC to continue to support JCOMM activities. The JCOMM Observations Programme Area coordinates in situ networks sustained by collective Member State effort. It oversees JCOMMOPS, which has recently reinforced its coordination support for volunteer observing ships in the Ship Observations Team (SOT), the repeat hydrography network GO-SHIP, and in creating deployment opportunities for Argo floats and DBCP surface drifters. In cooperation with the Data Management Programme Area, it is working on developing recommendations to improve the data architecture of flow from observing networks to real-time data systems, climate archives, and oceanographic model and forecast centres as well as users. In cooperation with the World Ocean Council (WOC) and the former SCOR OceanScope working group, it is exploring how to improve industry support to the ocean observing system. The JCOMM Services and Forecast Systems Programme Area coordinates the provision of sea ice, wave and storm surge forecasting products, and the development of standards and guides to best practice in operational ocean forecast systems. It is developing a Guide to Operational Ocean Forecast Systems to be used as a tool for training and building capacity, improving wave and surge climate and forecast services, standardizing marine safety information, and developing new ocean emergency response capabilities. Through GOOS and JCOMM, the IOC has joined forces with the WMO and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in a joint Task Force to explore the use of submarine communication cables for the gathering of ocean data. Two major areas of benefit are being explored: the use of cables for tsunami early warning through the measurement of bottom pressure and seismic activity, and the use of cables for deep monitoring of ocean climate changes. The GOOS and JCOMM contribution to the Group on Earth Observation's Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEO/GEOSS) is being enhanced by IOC's lead of a component of the European Commission GEOSS interoperability for Weather, Oceans, and Water (GEOWOW) project (Sep.2011Aug.2014). With a particular focus on ocean ecosystem observations, GEOWOW is improving the infrastructure to support ocean assessment. The complementary GEF-funded Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP) will assess global ocean issues related to climate, ecosystems, fisheries and pollution, looking at the local impact on vulnerable ocean ecosystems or human systems. It engages a large number of partner institutions, and provides strong user pull to GEOWOW, with a focus on developing information to improve future GEF strategy in investing to improve the ocean environment. TWAP commenced in January 2013 and will run for two years. There are two complementary marine components focused on the global ocean and the Large Marine Ecosystems. GOOS and JCOMM activities engage many global networks, GOOS Regional Alliances, and national contributions. At present, IOC secretariat support to GOOS and JCOMM consists of two Regular Programme professional staff at headquarters, augmented by a secondment from China for JCOMM (Long Jiang), two programme specialists for GEOWOW (Sarah Grimes and Bruno Combal), and strong links to the secretariat of the OOPC (now in Geneva, Switzerland) and the IOCCP (now in Sopot, Poland). With its growing emphasis on biology and ecosystems, GOOS has also engaged strongly with OBIS (programme specialist in Ostend, Belgium). Support for all of six of these extrabudgetary positions that help Member States coordinate into a coherent global system is assured only through mid-2014. The IOC remains a sponsor of the World Climate Research Programme along with WMO and ICSU. Due to the financial situation it was unable to make a contribution in 2012 and will make a small contribution in 2013. The Climate Variability and Predictability Project of WCRP (CLIVAR) remains closest to the work of the IOC. It has adopted five new research focii: Intraseasonal, seasonal and interannual variability and predictability of monsoon systems Decadal variability and predictability of ocean and climate variability Trends, nonlinearities and extreme events Marine biophysical interactions and dynamics of upwelling systems, and Dynamics of regional sea level variability. The WCRP is also a partner in the TWAP open ocean assessment, providing expertise in the climate projections being used in the assessment. (See document IOC/INF-1298) Cooperation between the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) and IOC/UNESCO: IOC/UNESCO provides Support for IOCCP activities together with the US National Science Foundation and ICSUs Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). One major event during 2012 was the international time-series methods workshop, jointly convened by the IOCCP and the Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry (OCB) Programme. The workshop offered a platform to compare time series in order to avoid duplication, to adopt common standards and to maximize the utility of data. It focused specifically on the methods employed by the specific time series, aiming at enhancement of data comparability among sites. Currently IOC is working on a new compilation of existing biogeochemical time series and has put together the 33 sites presented at the Workshop with others from the North Atlantic (including the Baltic and the Mediterranean Seas). In total, 125 biogeochemical time series have been compiled from around the world, which could be the embryo for a monitoring network for standardized measurement of ocean acidification. Third International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World: The series of International Symposia on the Ocean in a high CO2 World, co-organized by the IOC, SCOR and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), began in Paris in 2004, followed by Monaco in 2008 and Monterey in 2012. The 3rd symposium in Monterey was attended by a total of 529 scientists from 34 countries. They presented new information about the ability or inability of organisms at different trophic levels to cope with decreasing pH levels. The conference clearly emphasized the need for combining the stressor CO2 with other factors such as temperature, nutrient availability and hypoxia. An Ocean Acidification summary for policy makers, coordinated by the IGBP and the IOC, is under preparation. The information in the summary will identify advances and significant findings in our understanding of ocean acidification. (See also  HYPERLINK "http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001922/192218e.pdfhttp:/unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001922/192218e.pdf" SC/IOC/2009/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/H/1) Coastal Adaptation: In June 2012, IOC completed the implementation of the Project on Adaptation to Climate Change on the Coasts of West Africa (ACCC). Through this four-year project funded by GEF, five countries (Senegal, Mauritania, Cape Verde, Gambia, and Guinea Bissau) received financial and technical assistance to develop coastal adaptation measures and to build adaptive capacity of coastal communities. A final regional symposium was organized in Dakar (June 2012) to present the results of the project and to plan for a second phase regional approach with potential donors. Furthermore, the ACCC project developed the first Coastal Adaptation Guidelines for Local Decision Makers, developed by African scientists for African practitioners, and available in three languages (English, French, Portuguese,  HYPERLINK "http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?database=ged&mode=e&sc1=1&sc2=1&by=3&look=basic&req=2&no=216603" IOC Manuals and Guides, 62). A new ACCC website was launched in July 2012. It presents all the results achieved in the context of the project as well as providing access to technical resources for experts and managers. An educational video on coastal climate impacts was also produced and presented at the final Regional Symposium. A detailed project document for a second phase of the project has been prepared and distributed to the project Steering Committee. A number of potential donors have been approached. High-level Objective 3: Safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems In terms of understanding and management of marine ecosystems, the IOC continues its support to the Large Marine Ecosystem network, which provides quantitative information and indices of change on environmental aspects, as well as the tools for scientific comparisons at the appropriate scales. A Global Environment Facility (GEF)-funded project on LME was recently funded and the secretariat will be established at the IOC. IOC also provides support to IndiSeas, which is an international collaborative programme started under the auspices of the European Network of Excellence EUROCEANS. IndiSeas integrates multi-disciplinary ecosystem indicators, including climate change, biodiversity and human dimension to evaluate the status of the worlds exploited marine ecosystems in support of the ecosystem based management approach. IOC is leading the GESAMP WG40 Sources, Fate & Effects of Micro-plastics in the Marine Environment aimed at setting up the current state of knowledge and knowledge gaps on: (i) sources, distribution and trends of micro-plastics; (ii) properties and degradation of polymers; and (iii) physical and chemical effects of micro-plastics. The expected outcome is the production of an assessment on the potential impact of micro-plastics on the marine environment to assist decision-making within relevant UN Agencies and in the wider community. IODE: The Memorandum of Understanding between IOC/UNESCO and the Government of Flanders (Belgium) was renewed on 30 March 2012 and will expire on 31 December 2016. Through the MoU Flanders will continue providing the Offices, costs of utilities, and maintenance costs and provide not less than 250,000/year (to be used as a contribution towards the operational expenses and programme activities of the Project Office) as well as not less than three FTE staff (Administrative assistant, IT system administrator and Training coordinator). The 22nd Session of the IODE Committee was held in Ensenada, Mexico from 11 to 15 March 2013. The Session was attended by 78 participants from 37 IOC Member States and 14 organizations. The Session adopted 20 recommendations that provide a clear path for IODEs restructuring and re-organization. The key recommendations established a joint IAMSLIC-IODE group of experts on marine information management, an ocean data standards and best practices project and associated clearing house for data/information management practices, the IODE Associate Data Unit and IODE Global Data Assembly Centres as new structural elements, the IODE Quality Management Framework, and also revised the IODE objectives. The Committee adopted a work plan and budget that, taking into account the UNESCO financial crisis, would be based mainly on income from extra-budgetary sources. The Committee re-elected Ms Sissy Iona (Greece) and Mr Ariel Troisi (Argentina) as IODE Co-Chairs. (see report IOC/IODE-XXII/3s) Regarding the IODE Ocean Data Portal (EC-XLV/Dec.4.2.1), a Memorandum of Understanding has been concluded between IOC and Roshydromet (Russian Federation) on the Partnership Centre for the IODE Ocean Data Portal. The Centre is expected to be inaugurated in September 2013. In addition, Canada is providing an in-kind contribution to the IODE Ocean Data Portal project by providing part-time staff support (ODP Project Manager). The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) proposes to set up and operate the International Training Centre for Operational Oceanography (ITCOocean) at Hyderabad as a contribution to IOCs training and capacity development activities mainly for the Indian Ocean Rim(IOR) countries. The proposed ITCOocean will co-operate with IOCs IODE (International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange) programme based in Ostend, Belgium. This will include the use of the IODE OceanTeacher content, the joint organization of training events by exchange of lecturers, the use of tele-presence and video conferencing technology-based lectures by the ITCOocean. The agreement has been cleared by the legal services of UNESCO, and IOC has been informed that it is presently being considered by the Indian Government. OBIS: The 25th Session of IOC Assembly (June 2009), adopted OBIS within its IODE Programme (IOC-XXV/4). In order to secure the necessary funding for the project manager and activities, IOC established a multi-source account for the support of OBIS within the IOC Special Account. In 2010, contributions were provided by Australia, Brazil and Canada. A contract was established in 2011 with Rutgers University to ensure a continuation of the OBIS operations and a smooth transition from being a private foundation-led activity under the Census of Marine Life, to become part of an intergovernmental programme. Unfortunately the contractual arrangement could not be continued in 2012 and the Project Office at Rutgers University, requested through IOC-XXVI/6, could not be established. The OBIS secretariat therefore moved to the IOC Project Office for IODE in Ostend (Belgium) and this provided additional cost savings. The IODE Steering Group for OBIS and the IODE Group of Experts for OBIS (IOC-XXVI/3) were formally established. The Steering Group met twice in 2011 and 2012. The steering group is composed of the 22 OBIS node managers and representatives of the 4 institutions (VLIZ, MGEL, USB, INCOIS) that provide in-kind contributions to OBIS. The Group of Experts, which replaces the previous OBIS international scientific committee, is composed of four long-term and four short-term members, but has not yet met due to lack of funding. IODE was invited to participate, through OBIS, in the iMarine EU FP7 project. iMarine started in November 2011 and will end in April 2014. This revenue has enabled co-financing of a P-3 project manager for OBIS. In addition, as from May 2013, a P-1 data manager for OBIS is being recruited at the IODE Project Office for one year. Both positions are assured only until May 2014. OBIS has continued to grow and has established a network of hundreds of data providers around the globe. Since January 2011, 210 new datasets were added to OBIS, representing 5 million records and 5,000 marine species that were not yet in OBIS. In total, OBIS now integrates 1,130 datasets, and serves 35 million observations of 120,000 marine species. It provides the world's largest global online open-access database on the diversity, distribution and abundance of all known marine life and is an important baseline, against which future change can be measured. OBIS is used around the globe for planning ocean conservation policies, identifying biodiversity hotspots and global trends in species distributions. On 21 May 2012,  HYPERLINK "http://www.ioc-unesco.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=9015" Circular Letter 2441 was issued requesting IOC Member States for extra-budgetary funding for OBIS. This unfortunately has not resulted in any contribution. Unless additional funding is identified OBIS staff will be laid off in May 2014 and OBIS will shut down. HAB: The work plan of the IOC Intergovernmental Panel on Harmful Algal Blooms (IPHAB), including the IOC-SCOR research programme GEOHAB, has been implemented within the limits of the reduced budget. A joint IOC-ICES-PICES workshop was held in March 2013 to plan for a larger conference on HABs and Climate Change. GEOHAB has been in a very productive period leading up to a synthesis conference which was held 24-26 April 2013 at UNESCO Headquarters. The outcome was reviewed by the Eleventh Session of the IOC Intergovernmental Panel on Harmful Algal Blooms (IPHAB) and provides the basis for IPHAB recommendations to the Assembly on GEOHAB beyond 2013. (See report IOC/IPHAB-XI/3s) With the support of Republic of Korea, a regional GEOHAB project was launched in May 2012 in SE Asia with focus on ciguatera and other toxic benthic HAB events. A total of 10 global and regional HAB training activities have been implemented during the biennium. With the support of Flanders, the Harmful Algal Information System has been upgraded to better serve both data providers and end users. This IOC/IODE data product is the only of its kind and provides a global system for compilation of HAB-event-related data and metadata and links with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and when funding allows, with OBIS. The IOC Newsletter on HAB, Harmful Algae News celebrated its 20 years anniversary with the launch of a new on-line version. The production of the newsletter is sponsored by the Institute of Marine Investigation (of CSIC), Spain, and the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The IOC SCC in Vigo, Spain, closed on 31 December 2011 as the agreement expired. The future activity of the Centre is being negotiated between the IOC and the Spanish Institute of Oceanography. Nutrient Pollution: The IOC Assembly at its 26th session endorsed the revised plan (Resolution XXV-9) for a new activity focussing at integrated coastal research and coastal eutrophication and linking nutrient sources to coastal ecosystem effects and management in particular; an IOC Nutrients and Coastal Impacts Research Programme (N-CIRP). A key component in the implementation strategy is a three year Joint UNEP-IOC GEF Project Global foundations for reducing nutrient enrichment and oxygen depletion from land based pollution which was launched in March 2012. The Project will lead to the development of a policy toolbox and execution of a nutrient reduction pilot project in the Manila Bay watershed in the Philippines and Chilika Lake in India. The IOC co-financing of the Project, which disappeared with the UNESCO budget collapse, was for 2012 re-secured through the UNESCO Emergency Fund, whereas IOC/UNESCO co-funding for 2013 is to be resolved. As part of the implementation strategy for N-CIRP, IOC also actively participates in a Global Partnership on Nutrient Management (GPNM) with NGOs and governments. Guide on Coastal Risk Reduction for Local Authorities: In the context of the ICAM Strategy adopted by the 26th IOC Assembly, Objective 3 (Promoting the integration of climate change adaptation and coastal hazards preparedness through the use of area-based management approaches) a Technical Working Group (TWG) was established in 2011, composed of natural and social scientists, coastal engineers and coastal zone managers. The Group is tasked with preparing a guide on Coastal Risk Reduction for Local Authorities. The guide will identify best practices related to the identification and formulation of adaptation/mitigations strategies and plans that lower the risk and actual losses from marine related hazards, including climate change impacts. The Group had its final meeting in January 2013 in South Korea. Support is provided by WMO, the Republic of Korea and Flanders. The Guide will be published in September 2013. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) Initiative: IOC has worked for the past five years on developing technical guidance on marine spatial planning (MSP) and in 2009 published an  HYPERLINK "http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001865/186559e.pdf" IOC Manuals and Guides, 53 on the subject. The guide has been used in several Member States. A new IOC Guide is now in preparation thanks to the support of the Moore Foundation. The new guide will expand guidance on the practice of implementing monitoring and evaluation of MSP initiatives. As part of the project, examples of good practices of MSP performance monitoring and evaluation are being documented and made available on the IOC MSP Website. An International Panel of Experts and Advisors to support the development of the MSP Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Guide has been established and has met three times. The Guidelines will be published in September 2013. Regional ICAM Projects, SPINCAM: In the context of the South Pacific Information and Data Management in support of ICAM, SPINCAM, the first phase of this project was completed in June 2012. It has supported the development of a coastal indicator framework in each country of the Southeast Pacific region (Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Peru), focused on environmental and socio-economic conditions. The countries have also developed a number of regional indicators on the marine environment, measured and represented through a common regional atlas hosted by CPPS. The SPINCAM countries have recognized the benefits of the project and the need for a second phase that will focus on the formulation of new regional indicators and will develop a regional information sharing mechanism providing resources and contents on Integrated Coastal Management. In October 2012, the Government of Flanders agreed to fund the SPINCAM Phase II project which will run from 2013 to 2015. A P2 staff secondment will also be provided to the Secretariat to assist with the implementation of the project, and related coastal management initiatives. PEGASO: The aim of PEGASO is to build on existing capacities and develop common novel approaches to support integrated policies for the coastal, marine and maritime realms of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Basins in ways that are consistent with and relevant to the implementation of the ICZM Protocol for the Mediterranean. IOC has led the development of a set of indicators for the implementation of the ICZM Protocol for the Mediterranean which are also widely applicable in the context of the implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management elsewhere. Twenty six methodological factsheets and a report containing guidelines have been developed as well as a video for capacity building. High-level Objective 4: Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources Regular Process: IOC has continued to provide scientific and technical support to the Regular Process, now called the World Ocean Assessment (WOA) in line with the invitation of the relevant UNGA resolutions. IOC participated in the UNGA Ad Hoc Working Groups of the Regular Process in April 2012 and 2013. It participated in all UN regional workshops organised to promote the Regular Process at regional level (Europe Workshop, Brussels, Belgium, June 2012, SE Asian Workshop, Sanya, PR China, Feb. 2012, Indian Ocean, Maputo, Mozambique, August 2012, Caribbean workshop, Miami,USA, Nov. 2012; Australia, Brisbane, February 2013). IOC was a co-organiser for three of these workshops (Sanya, Miami, Brussels) and provided substantial technical inputs. Through an extra budgetary contribution of Flanders, together with UNEP, IOC provided support for the development of the Regular Process website. The site also provides a mechanism for the WOA authors to collaborate in the process of drafting the WOA report. IOC has identified a number of contributions in terms of information and data products that will be made available to the Group of experts in charge of coordinating the drafting of the Global report. IOC participated as observer in the WOA Group of experts meetings (NY, November 2012 and May 2013) and offered these inputs to the group. In 2012, the formulation of the Transboundary Water Assessment Programme (TWAP) was completed and submitted to the GEF for funding. The project was approved in December 2012, and started in March 2013 when IOC convened an inception workshop for the Open Ocean and Large Marine Ecosystem components that it is leading. The project will provide a number of core ecological, socio-economic and governance indicators for the marine environment (64 Large Marine Ecosystems and Open Ocean areas) using globally available datasets. In order to implement this project, IOC has created a partnership with a number of scientific institutions that will provide technical inputs and indicator based products (NOAA, GESAMP, IGBP, University of British Colombia, UNEP, UNEP-WCMC, CERMES, amongst others). These assessment products will be available at the end of 2014 and could provide a substantial input into the World Ocean Assessment report. IOC participated in the annual GESAMP session and continued to play active role in the GESAMP Working group on Micro-plastics. GESAMP will also be a key partner in the implementation of the TWAP. National Oceanographic Committees: During the intersessional period, the Executive Secretary had invited Member States to exchange views and experiences on the establishment, strengthening and work of National Oceanographic Committees (NOC). This initiative is part of an ongoing effort by the Executive Secretary to promote, strengthen and develop the concept of National Oceanographic Committees, called for in 1982 by the Assembly (Resolution XII-8). A survey was carried out among Member States in order to determine the composition, function, achievement and challenges of the National Oceanographic Committees where they have been set up and the Assembly agreed to the inclusion of an item on the strengthening and work of National Oceanographic Committees on the agenda of the 45th Session of the Executive Council, in 2012. Preliminary results were given in the oral report of the Executive Secretary. In the meantime, additional responses were received and a comprehensive updated report is now available as addendum 2 to this document .(IOC-XXVII/2 Annex1Add.2) Administration and Management Recruitment process of the IOC Executive Secretary: During the 45th Session of the Executive Council, the Executive Secretary informed the Council that her appointment would end in November 2013 and a timeline for the process of recruiting the new Executive Secretary was decided (document IOC/EC-XLV/2 Annex 4). However, the Director-General of UNESCO, in January 2013, after a meeting with the IOC Officers, agreed to extend the appointment of the present Executive Secretary up to January 2015. A new time line has been prepared for consideration by the Executive Council during its 46th Session. (see IOC/EC-XLVI/2 Prov.) Challenges and lessons learned IOC has had to undergo the challenge of performing with dwindling financial resources and reduced staff. In the context of the current financial difficulties, the most important concern is the vulnerability of the IOC staffing situation. While the freeze of two regular budget-funded professional positions (JCOMM and Executive Officer/NEAMTWS Secretary) had its impact on IOCs delivery capacity, in particular as regards JCOMM activities and the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS), the most important impact in terms of staff was caused by the suspension of USA voluntary contributions. This led to the loss of five positions (two JCOMM Observing Platform Support Centre posts and one Ocean Observation Panel for Climate (OOPC) coordinator post to WMO; one International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) officer and one assistant project officer to ICSUs Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). While IOC managed to maintain its involvement in the programs through partnerships with WMO and SCOR, its leadership and impact are clearly reduced, and the delivery as a platform for coordination of the ocean observing system through GOOS and JCOMM is dispersed geographically.     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