ࡱ> _a^!` R"1bjbj\\.H>>")NNNN<<:F<H<H<H<H<H<H<$>hi@l<l<<   ^F< F<  29v; %;!Nd.9F<<0<:^-A^-A4v;-Av;E|kl<l< <   NEAR-GOOS 2006 report Introduction This report is prepared by the chairperson of the Coordinating Committee for the North-East Asian Regional GOOS (NEAR-GOOS), Takashi Yoshida, for the presentation of NEAR-GOOS activity at the third forum of the GOOS Regional Alliances, 14-17 November 2006, held in Cape Town, South Africa. Establishment of NEAR-GOOS NEAR-GOOS is a North-Eastern Asian regional ocean observing initiative being undertaken in partnership between the Peoples Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation. NEAR-GOOS was conceived in 1995 and initiated in 1996 upon the adoption of the NEAR-GOOS Implementation Plan and its Operational Manual by the 29th Executive Council of IOC. The primary aim of NEAR-GOOS in its first phase was to facilitate the sharing of oceanographic data in order to improve the availability of information and ocean services. The aim was successfully achieved by establishing the NEAR-GOOS database system, which consists of two types of distributed databases that are operationally linked each other. The database system has been operational since 1996. Based on the achievement and experiences in the first phase, NEAR-GOOS embarked on a strategic planning exercise for its second phase at the 5th session of the Coordinating Committee for NEAR-GOOS in Seoul, December 2000. The strategic plan was provisionally approved at the 8th session of the committee in Beijing, December 2003. After incorporation of all comments, the final version was adopted by the committee members at an ad hoc meeting at the NEAR-GOOS Workshop on Development of Data and Products in Operational Oceanography in Hangzhou, April 2004. The strategic plan defines the mission of NEAR-GOOS in its second phase as to develop a comprehensive and sustained ocean observing network in the North-East Asian regional seas and coastal regions, especially focussed on observations, monitoring and other activities that cannot be easily implemented by countries acting independently. Organizational structure of NEAR-GOOS NEAR-GOOS is one of the operational observing system programmes under the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (IOC/WESTPAC). The IOC/WESTPAC secretariat has served as the secretariat for the Coordinating Committee for NEAR-GOOS since the establishment of the programme. The Coordinating Committee for NEAR-GOOS assumes an overall coordination and strategic development role as a management body for the programme. Each member country is represented by two representatives on the committee from different agencies/institutions in the country. Experts of the following agencies/institutions are current members of the committee: Peoples Republic of China National Marine Environment Forecasting Center (NMEFC), SOA National Marine Data and Information Services (NMDIS), SOA Japan Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC), Japan Coast Guard Republic of Korea National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) Russian Federation Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI) Far-Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute (FERHRI). Functions of detailed technical design, planning and implementation of specific initiatives are organized as NEAR-GOOS Pilot Projects, carried out by specific working groups (WGs) whose membership is selected for the purpose. The Data Management WG and the New Generation Sea Surface Temperature WG are currently active. The Data Management WG is in charge of NEAR-GOOS data management activities including maintenance and development of the database network established in the first phase. The group consists of the experts of oceanographic data centers and research institutes, such as NMDIS, JMA, JODC, NFRDI, POI and the Russian Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-centre). The New Generation SST WG is in charge of developing new generation space-based SST products for the NEAR-GOOS region using remote sensing and regional in situ observational resources. Experts of the Tohoku University (Japan), POI, NFRDI, NMDIS, JMA, and Japan Coast Guard are participating in the group. Mission and objectives in the second phase The mission of NEAR-GOOS in its second phase is to develop a comprehensive and sustained ocean observing network in the North-East Asian regional seas and coastal regions, especially focussed on observations, monitoring and other activities that cannot be easily implemented by countries acting independently. In accordance with the overall mission, the following four major objectives define the actions and tasks for the second phase of NEAR-GOOS: Restructuring NEAR-GOOS to provide a more comprehensive and flexible and expandable operational capability appropriate to a phased development from a regional pilot experiment to a durable regional alliance; Enhancing and consolidating the Database Networks established in the initial phase, to better equip them to deliver data and useful products; Defining, planning and implementing NEAR-GOOS-labelled Pilot Projects and Experiments. This will include a reclassification of the present activities and will enhance the range of parameters observed, the spatial coverage, the range of data products and that will consolidate systematic quality assurance, assimilation and usage. Such projects will also be a prime vehicle for the implementation of other joint sub-regional research and development initiatives that bring the greater involvement of research scientists as clients and serve as pilots for more durable international collaboration. Developing outreach programs directed towards awareness raising, stakeholder recruitment (including more national agencies and participating experts), training and capacity-building. Successes and concerns The most important successes of NEAR-GOOS in its first phase have been: The consolidation of a functional two-mode distributed Internet-based database structure in the partner countries as a workable model for the enhancement and coordinated handling of oceanographic data at national level; The adoption and practice of a free and open data exchange policy; The implementation of coordinated and approved data exchange management training for regional participants. With the primary aim defined in such simple terms and without requiring the planners to consider in detail the downstream applications of the data being gathered, the implementation of NEAR-GOOS was effected with impressive speed. The strategy to achieve the foregoing aim was to establish two types of database, each operationally linked Real-Time Databases (RTDB), receiving and distributing its data through the WMO Global Telecommunications System (GTS) or by other electronic means, and Delayed-Mode Databases (DMDB), to which data accumulated more gradually or by non real-time modes of transmission would be submitted. It was envisaged that each member country to establish (or identify) its own National RTDB and DMDB within a national custodian agency, each being responsible for periodically transmitting its data holdings to a corresponding NEAR-GOOS Regional RTDB (RRTDB) or NEAR-GOOS Regional DMDB (RDMDB). However, in order to satisfy national requirements for autonomy, it has been necessary for the national centres to continue to function independently and to provide data at their discretion to the regional databases. While this has been a retreat from the original concept of completely merged data holding, it has in fact facilitated the release and exchange of delayed-mode data, by preserving the autonomy of the National agencies. The data volume and number of products had steadily increased, and for example now included satellite altimetry available from the RRTDB. Many coastal stations in China and the Republic of Korea were now contributing in near real time. The Russian database includes the data of historical domestic and foreign observations of temperature and salinity in the Northwest Pacific including NEAR-GOOS seas and the data sets of POI, FERHRI and TINRO Center marine expeditions. Success has been tempered by the following factors: The range and amount of data submitted to the national databases appears to be limited (although increasing) and does not include data from many of the national ocean observing sources of the region; Data is submitted at the discretion of the involved agencies of each country and there is not a uniform vision or plan of what data should be commonly shared for best effect; There are sometimes long delays in the exchange of data between Centres; There is not uniform national acceptance for the nominated databases to be regarded as part of the international NEAR-GOOS structure and philosophy and NEAR-GOOS is implemented in parallel with other national and international database networks dealing with the same data. In some quarters there appears to be a declining commitment to participation in the structure implemented; Processing time for real-time access is sometimes a problem; There are not yet systematic protocols in place for the management of data; Strategic planning and operational management roles of the Coordination Committee and national personnel and organizations responsible for the database functions are not clearly separated and delineated; There has not been much action to identify specific applications where improvement in performance could be the result of the enlargement of the data resource, its integration within NEAR-GOOS or through the stimulation of scientific study. The claims of the benefits of NEAR-GOOS remain largely rhetorical and untested. The challenges NEAR-GOOS faces are: Restrictions of data exchange on national and international levels in some countries; Lack of strong national coordination in some countries; Tapering off of the support by the parent organization. Future directions for NEAR-GOOS As it enters its second phase greater attention needs to be placed on how NEAR-GOOS should be strategically developed to deliver benefit and utility of its ocean data-gathering effort to its member states. This might involve a greater range of data types and the deriving of generic products such as model analyses and synthesized maps. 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