ࡱ> [ Rmybjbj0ΐΐ@668|G,6sssss 5555555$99;V55ss4k6%%%ss5%5%% 23sn>9 (3t5606341<#l1< 31<3%55%v61<6 E: ODINWESTPAC Marine Country Profile Survey The purpose of this document is to collect information on the national arrangements for oceanographic/marine/coastal research and associated data and information management, for the purpose of scoping the terms of reference of the Ocean Data and Information Network for the WESTPAC region. GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION Geographical framework Demography Economy A nations economy has been described as a mechanical engine comprised of interconnected, moving parts. In China, the ocean economy is now seen as a critical component of that engine. Marine Economy is the summation of various types of industrial activities for developing, utilizing and protecting the ocean as well as the activities associated with there. In 2011, the gross ocean product of national marine economy reaches 4 549.6 billion yuan (RMB), 9.89% up from the previous year, its proportion in the GDP and the Gross Regional Product being 9.62% and 15.7% respectively. The number of people employed by the ocean related sectors throughout the country amounts to 34.217 million, 0.709 million more than that in the previous year. Themarineeconomywillcreate2.6millionnewjobsandcontribute10percentofGDP by 2015, according toChina's12thFive-YearPlan(2011-15)forthesector,released bytheStateCouncil. Coastal Resources Utilization and Development Fisheries and Aquaculture The marine fishery is a vital component of Chinas ocean economy. It provides a high proportion of protein for Chinese people. It also provides employment for the highest number of persons working in the Chinese marine economy, often in rural locations where few other employment opportunities exist. In 2011, the marine fishery production in the coastal region keeps stable, the output of marine aquatic products grows steadily and the integrated strength of deep-sea fishing is constantly improved. the yield of marine aquatic products reaches 29.08 million tons, 4.0% up from the previous year, among which, the output of mariculture is 15.513 million tons, 4.7% up from the previous year; the production of marine fishing 12.419 million tons, 3.2% up from the previous year and that of deep-sea fishing 1.148 million tons, 29.3% up from the previous year. In 2012, the full-year marine fishery achieve an added value of 365.2 billion Chinese Yuan, which is calculated at the comparable price, increasing by 6.4% as compared with that in the previous year Manufacturing industries Marine shipbuilding industry is a comprehensive industry providing equipment for water transport, ocean development and national defense construction, with a long developing history. In recent years, marine shipbuilding industry has grown rapidly, following the development of manufacturing industries in China. The three primary index (the completed quantity of ships built the number of nearly received shipbuilding orders and handling orders) of Chinese shipbuilding industry, exceeded that of Korea Rep., played a leading role in the world for the first time in 2010. But affected by the world financial crisis, Chinese marine shipbuilding industry encountered major difficulties and challenges, such as depressed global transportation market, unfavourable financial environment, and high shipbuilding cost, etc. The three primary index of Chinese shipbuilding industry has descended from 2011, all registered a decrease in 2012 but still standing the first one in the world. Chinese marine shipbuilding industry is going to boost stronger industry ,and China will change from a big shipbuilding country to a powerful one, through the period of accelerating transformation and upgrading rapid development of marine engineering architecture industry, and slowly favourable trend of the world economic status. Ports and Harbours Energy production Marine power industry is an emerging Industry industry of marine economy, including offshore wind power and marine energy. With the increasingly serious energy situation, marine power industry has increasingly received more and more attention. The state has promulgated the "long-term renewable energy development plan", "National ocean science and technology development plan for the Twelfth Five Year Plan", "Renewable energy of the Twelfth Five Year Plan", "Special planning of wind power generation of technology development during the Twelfth Five Year Plan", "The Twelfth Five Year Plan of wind power development" to promote marine power industry. Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian and other areas has applied for a large number of offshore wind power projects, including Shanghai Donghai Bridge ten thousands kw upwind power projects, Jiangsu Dafeng 20 million kw upwind power projects, Zhejiang Zhoushan Putuo number six offshore wind power 2 district projects, Shandong Long Island offshore wind farm demonstration project Fujian Putian flat bay five thousands kw upwind power projects. In recent years, to maintain a rapid growth, between the year 2006 and 2012, the average annual growth rate of marine power industry added value has reached to 58.99 percent, but the industry is still relatively small. In 2012, the added value of marine power industry has reached to 7.026 billion Chinese Yuan, compared with the last year's growth of 18.74%. Hydrocarbon Exploration and Exploitation The offshore oil and gas industry is also a very important component of the ocean economy in China. In 2010, marine oil and gas output initially exceeded 50 million tons of oil equivalents, which make China one of the worlds major marine oil and gas producers. Chinas offshore exploration platforms are distributed both on coastal waters and in its deepwater territorial seas which increases the risk of ocean environmental pollution of the coastal area. In 2009 the industry has experienced a sharp drop in the value in line with global trends, which is due to the decline in international oil prices caused by the financial crisis. Unfortunately the situation is not improved recently. According to the newest statistics, the added value of oil and gas industry of China in 2012 is 157 billion Chinese Yuan, 8.7% less than the last year Mines and quarries Marine mining industry is a small industry in China; including sea beach placer, which is mostly used in engineering construction. The output of marine mining industry has grown steadily recent years; the average annual growth rate From 2006 to 2012 is up to 28.8%. The added value in 2012 reached 61billion Chinese Yuan. Recreational industry and Tourism Coastal tourism was the largest contributor to Chinas ocean economy. Coastal tourism includes hotels and lodging places, coastal tourism services, amusements and recreation, and coastal tourism and cultural services. The coastal tourism sector had been achieving growth rates of over 16% almost every year throughout the past five years, greatly boosting the development of China's marine economy. For Chinas coastal tourism, 2003 was a significant year due to the outbreak of the SARS virus. Total tourism output had decreased dramatically in the first half of the year, and in the whole of 2003, the added value created by coastal tourism was $13.37 billion, down 27.39% compared to 2002.By the time that the World Health Organization lifted its two-month advisory warning against non-essential travel to China in late June 2003, the outbreak had cost Chinas travel and tourism industry sectors an estimated US$20.4bn.The tourism sector bounced back strongly in 2004 due in part to a rescue package from the government that included tax rebates, employment and training measures and financial aid. Also domestic and pan-Asian tourism boards put in place action plans to revitalize the stricken sector. In 2012 With the backing of the local resource of coastal tourism, the coastal regions plan for the development of coastal tourist industry, support the launching of coastal tourist projects, pay attention to the perfection of coastal tourist facilities, strengthen the innovation of coastal tourist products and actively create and atmosphere of good development, as a result of which the coastal tourism effects a full-year added value of 697.17 billion Yuan, 9.5% up from the previous year Marine Parks and Reserves POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONALFRAMEWORK Institutional framework (Governmental structure) At present, the marine governmental structure in China is nation-region and nation- local area combined. State Oceanic Administration(SOA) is the competent administrative department of marine management in China. North China Sea Branch of SOA, East China Sea Branch of SOA, and South China Sea of SOA are in charge of Bohai and Huanghai Sea, Donghai Sea ,and Nanhai Sea respectively. Coastal provinces and counties establish its own marine governmental structure, with responsibility for local marine management. Beside SOA, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Water Resources, China National Tourism Administration, General Administration of Customs and some other departments are involved in marine management. National Policies related to the marine/coastal environment The Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China(1982), Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China on Control Overdumping of Wastes in the Ocean(1985), Measures for the management of Marine Protected Areas(1995), Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Administration of Sea Areas(2001), Measures for the management of Special Marine Protected Areas(2005), Sea Islands Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China(2009), Regulations on Administration of Prevention and Control of Pollution to the Marine Environment by Vessels(2009), and some other laws relative to marine environment protection have been enacted successively. General Plan of Environment Protection of Bohai(2008-2020), National Marine Functional Zoning(2011-2020), and National Sea Islands Protection Plan(2011-2020) were released, providing scientific foundation for marine environment and sea use management. Up to May 2011, 33 national marine protected areas, 7 national marine parks, and 21 national special marine protected areas were established. We strengthen the capacity-building for marine environment protection and management all the time. National marine environment observation system composed of satellite observation system, aerial remote sensing observation system, auto-measuring system on the sea and by-hand measurement network was established, forming efficient capacity of coastal and marine environment monitoring and evaluation and forecasting. Recently, we promote actively to establish marine ecological civilization, calling on respecting nature, complying nature and protecting nature. National marine data policy or other marine data policies being used As the member of ICSU/WDS NMDIS involves in the international data exchange, management and service. NMDIS also participates into NEAR-GOOS Regional cooperation project and data exchange, and ODP cooperation as IODE/ODP WESTPAC unit. NMDIS as the China National Centre for the Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) (ASFIS), takes the responsibility of inputting national literature records into the ASFA databases every year, and monitoring more than 50 journals and periodicals related with marine and aquaria in China. International agreements and conventions undersigned by the Government IOC Ocean Data Policy NATIONAL CAPABILITIES National institutions of higher education and training related to marine/coastal research and management International Ocean Institute (IOI)China Regional Center for WESTPAC In the spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation, the State Oceanic Administration of China (SOA) and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to establish an IOI China Operational Center (IOI China) in the National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, China, on 14 October 1994. It was agreed that the IOI China Operational Center should carry out the research and training programs agreed upon by both parties, making mutual contribution to the training of marine personnel for the developing countries. Through many negotiations between the International Ocean Institute and the Department of International Cooperation of SOA, in order to expand the influence of SOA in the Western Pacific region, International Ocean Institute - China Regional Center for the Western Pacific Region was established on the basis of IOI China Operational Center on 2010. IOI-China Regional Center was in charge of the research, training, and other activities in the Western Pacific Region as agreed upon by the parties. National organizations involved in marine/coastal research and management (by sector) National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center National Ocean Satellite Application Center (NSOAS) National Marine Hazard Mitigation Center China Institute for Marine Affairs National Marine Data and Information Service National Ocean Technology Center (NOTC) National Center for Ocean Standards and MetrologyNCOSM The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization Polar Research Institute of China The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA The Second Institute Oceanography, SOA The Third Institute Oceanography, SOA East China Sea Branch, SOA North China Sea Branch, SOA South China Sea Branch, SOA South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science Current operational relationships between the national organizations (diagram) Current human resources involved in marine/coastal research and management, as well as the management and archival of related data and information (by sector) National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS) is a government funded public institution under the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) of China, responsible for the management of national marine data and information resources, providing guidance and coordination for the information organization work of national marine data and information; providing information and technical support for the development of marine economy, marine management, public service and maritime security. 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Current available national libraries related to marine/coastal research and management, as well as the management and archival of related data and information (by sector) The Library of NMDIS is one of the largest comprehensive libraries in marine science in China, the national centre for marine literature collection and service and the leading agency of Marine Literature Information Coordination Committee and act as a national level focal point for marine scientific and technological inquiry service: performs the functions and tasks of the China National Centre for the Aquatic Science and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) and the China National Documents Depository Centre of the UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The Library's holds over 100,000 volumes of books, more than 2,000 kinds of periodicals in Chinese and foreign languages and over 40 million records in the literature databases. The Library has established exchange relationships with all the international ocean-related organizations in the world and over 73 institutions in 27 countries and region. Now, marine digital library is being established and maintained in the Library. The library also compiles and publishes several journals, such as 0Marine Science Bulletin 0, 0Marine Information 0, etc.. NATIONAL NEEDS Describe all national needs (organizational, educational, infrastructural) related to items 3.1-3.7 as well as any other. 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W @^@p L^iT1.2*+% % % TTX&  @^@Xp L^iP % % % T!  @^@p L^i`Demography3(B+++++%TT!  @^@p L^iP TT!  @^@p L^iP K % % % T` WO @^@: L^iT1.3*+% % % TTX L @^@X: L^iP % % % Tx O @^@: L^i\Economy)#+++B%TT #O @^@: L^iP TT$ nO @^@$: L^iP K Rp @"Calibri0RQ`2x$Q`2 Id/1 LLd/1CX%7.{ @CalibrR`2k(18'1x%1$LLdv% % % Thj ^ @^@ ZL^iA nation s economy has been described as a mechanical engine comprised of interconnected, 0,(,, )#,,,B&,( ,)),,) #-),( (B*#,(,#()-',)#,B, ),,,)#,,,*#), T M3 @^@ L^i`moving paB,%,',(TDN k3 @^@N TL^irts. In China, the ocean economy is now seen as a critical component of that engine. ,,,,(,),$)(,)#,,,B& ,,; *),( )##(#,B,,,),,,()-',)TTl ~3 @^@l L^iP  T5  @^@ dL^iMarine Economy is the summation of various types of industrial activities for developing, utilizing G(,))#,,,B& ,) -BC(,,,%(,, &,) ,,,,!((#%* ,,*&),,,',!,' T  @^@ GL^iand protecting the ocean as well as the activities associated with ther (,,,,)#,',),#)(,( <)( ,)(#%* (! ,#(),;,,)TT D @^@ L^iPe)TXE l @^@E L^iP. Tm  @^@m L^iIn 2011, the gross ocean ,****,)'- ,#)(, Td !e @^@P YL^iproduct of national marine economy reaches 4 549.6 billion yuan (RMB), 9.89% up from the l,,,,#,,(,,(B(,))#,,,B&)(#,) *****,,-&,(,-G-***;,,-B,) Tf m @^@ L^itprevious year, its p,)%,, &)( ,TTnf  @^@n L^iPrTxf  @^@ L^i\oportio,,,,TTf  @^@ L^iPn,TTf  @^@ L^iP Tf  @^@ @L^iin the GDP and the Gross Regional Product being 9.62% and 15.7% ,,)43+(,,,)4, -)',,(+,,,#,),'***;(,,***; T\ @ 0@^@-L^irespectively. The number of people employed be) ,*#&)&(,),,B-),,),,)*B,,&),,TA 0@^@A 3L^iy the ocean related sectors throughout the country a&,),#)(,)(),!)#, ,,,',,,,)#,,,&Rp  [SO}$1 |311@ < i11 Id/18@ l d/12 d  ;0 < [SOSimunԏ 01911l8'1x%1l dv% % Rp [SO0RQ`2x$Q`2 Id/1 @1d/1&" WMFC CX ;[SOSimunp`26J <<lD8'1x%1$@1dv% % % % % % % %  % % % T2e @^@GL^iamounts to 34.217 million, 0.709 million more than that in the previous (B,,, ,*****B,,****B,,B,),(,,(,,),)%,, % % % TTf : @^@f L^iP *% % % Tl 28 @^@ L^iXyear.&)(% % % TT9 :b @^@9 L^iP *% % % Tc 2@^@c  L^i` TT 2j@^@ L^iP K T`j@^@L^iTThe(,)TTk}@^@kL^iP Tp~m@^@~L^iXmarineB(-)TTn@^@nL^iP iTx@^@L^i\economy)#,,,B&TT@^@L^iP Td@@^@L^iTwill;TTAS@^@AL^iP TpT*@^@TL^iXcreate#)()TT+=@^@+L^iP aT`>@^@>L^iT2.6**TT@^@L^iP Tx@^@L^i\millionB,,TT@^@L^iP T`C @^@L^iTnew,);TTD V @^@D L^iP TdU  @^@W L^iTjobs,, TT  @^@ L^iP T` u @^@ L^iTand(,,TTv  @^@v L^iP T  @^@  L^i`contribute#-,,,)TT  @^@ L^iP TX T @^@ L^iP10**TTU g @^@U L^iP Txh m @^@h L^i\percent,)#),TTn  @^@n L^iP TX  @^@ L^iPof,TT  @^@ L^iP T` k@^@ L^iTGDP53+TTl~@^@lL^iP T@^@ L^i`by 2015, ,&**** % % % Ta@^@L L^idaccording to(##,,,',TTa@^@LL^iP Txa@^@LL^i\China's,,,( TTa@^@LL^iP TTa@^@LL^iP1*T`Da@^@LL^iT2th*,TTEWa@^@ELL^iP TdXa@^@XLL^iTFive&%*TTa@^@LL^iP-Tda@^@LL^iTYear))(TTa@^@LL^iP Td5a@^@LL^iTPlan+(,TT6Ha@^@6LL^iP TlI a@^@ILL^iX(2011***+TT # a@^@ LL^iP-2T`$  a@^@$ LL^iT15)*+TT  a@^@ LL^iP T`  a@^@ LL^iTfor,TT  a@^@ LL^iP T`  a@^@ LL^iTthe,)TT  a@^@ LL^iP Tx  a@^@ LL^i\sector,!)#,TT  a@^@ LL^iP Tl B a@^@ LL^iXrelea)))TTC b a@^@C LL^iPse TXc  a@^@c LL^iPed),TT  a@^@ LL^iP TX  a@^@ LL^iPby,&TT / a@^@ LL^iP T`0  a@^@0 LL^iTthe,)TT  a@^@ LL^iP Tl ba@^@ LL^iXState&()TTcua@^@cLL^iP tTxvoa@^@vLL^i\Council-,,,#TTpa@^@pLL^iP TTa@^@LL^iP.Rp @"Calibri0RQ`2x$Q`2 Id/1 lNd/1CX%7.{ @CalibrR`2k(18'1x%1$&" WMFC #lNdv% % % TTd@^@LL^iP K % % % T`W+@^@L^iT1.4*+% % % TTX(@^@XL^iP % % % T\ +@^@-L^iCoastal Resources Utilization and Development+++ +-( ++#( 5!++++++3(%(++B(+TT & +@^@ L^iP TT' q +@^@' L^iP K % % % TlD@^@L^iX1.4.1//.Rp@"ArialL 0RQ`2 $Q`2 Id/1 ,(d/1X3.* Arial`2@Yp`2J (C8'1x%1@,(dv% % % TTI@^@L^iP .r% % % TD@^@L^i|Fisheries and Aquacultur*$0. .$,00500,'00 % % % TTM@^@L^iPe(TTM@^@L^iP % % % TTD8@^@L^iP K % % % T* @^@ycL^iThe marine fishery is a vital component of China s ocean economy. It provides a high proportion of a(,)B(-) ,)& (&(#-B,,,),,,,,( ,#)(,*$,,,B&,,%,) (,',,,,,,,, T2@^@bL^iprotein for Chinese people. It also provides employment for the highest number of persons working ,,),,,,,)!),),,)( ,,,%,* *B,,&B),,,),',) ,,B,),,) -, ;,&,' TZ@^@EL^ihin the Chinese,,),,,) )TTZ@^@EL^iP iT8AZ@^@ERL^imarine economy, often in rural locations where few other employment opportunities B(,))#,,,B&,),,,(,#(,, <,)));,,)*B,,&C),,,,,,,)  T[G@^@gL^iexist. In 2011, the marine fishery production in the coastal region keeps stable, the output of marine e)$ ,**+*,)B(,) -)&,,,,#,,,,)#,( ()',,&))-  (,),),,,,,B(,) T %@^@CL^iaquatic products grows steadily and the integrated strength of deep(,,(#,,,,# ',;  )(,&(,,,),)'(), ),',,,)),TT  %@^@ L^iP-TX Q %@^@ L^iPse )TR 9%@^@R L^i|a fishing is constantly ( ,,' #,, (-& T'm@^@veL^iimproved. the yield of marine aquatic products reaches 29.08 million tons, 4.0% up from the previous B,,&),,)&),,B(,*(,,(#,,,,# )(#,) ****B,,,, *+;,,,B,),)%,,  TS@^@eL^iyear, among which, the output of mariculture is 15.513 million tons, 4.7% up from the previous year; &)((B,,';,#,,),,,+,B(#,,) ***+*B,,,, **;,,,B,),*%,, &)( TV@^@AL^ithe production of marine fishi,),,,,#,,,B(,) ,TV@^@ACL^ing 12.419 million tons, 3.2% up from the previous year and that of ,'*****B,,,, *+;,,,B,),)&,, &)((,,,(, TdX@^@L&" WMFC ^iTdeep,)),TTX@^@L^iP-@T8X<@^@RL^isea fishing 1.148 million tons, 29.3% up from the previous year. In 2012, the full )( ,,'*+**B,,,, ***;,,,B,),*&,, &)(,****,),TT=XU@^@=L^iP-TVX@^@V L^idyear marine &))B(,) T"@^@ L^ilfishery achieve ,)&(#,)&)TT"@^@ L^iP vT  "@^@  L^ian added value of 365.2 billion (,(,,),%(,),****,,,T| : "@^@ L^i\Chinese ,,,)!)T; t"@^@; !L^iYuan, which is calculated at the (,),;,#, #(#,(),(,)Tu"@^@u  L^idcomparable $,B,((,) T$ @^@sDL^iprice, increasing by 6.4% as compared with that in the previous year,#),#)(!,',&**;( $,B,(),;,,(,,),)&,, &)(TT $< @^@ sL^iP K % % % Tll@^@TL^iX1.4.2//.% % % TTg@^@TL^iP .r% % % Tl@^@TL^i|Manufacturing industriesO,00,'0 0+000$ .#TTl@^@TL^iP TT$l@^@TL^iP K % % % TF@^@1bL^iMarine shipbuilding industry is a comprehensive industry providing equipment for water transport, G(,) ,,,,,,',,, & (#,B,)-), %),,, &,,%,,'),,,B),,;()(, ,, TH@^@fL^iocean development and national defense construction, with a long developing history. In recent years, ,#)(,,)%),-B),(,,,(+,(,)), )#,, ,#,,;,',,',)%),,,', ,&+)#),&)(  T @^@4L^imarine shipbuilding industry has grown rapidly, follB(,) ,,,,,,',,, &,( ',;,(,,&,T8 K@^@ 'L^iowing the development of manufacturing ,;,',),)%*,,B),,B(,,(#,,' Tx@^@cbL^iindustries in China. The three primary index (the completed quantity of ships built the number of ,,, ) ,,,,((-),)),B(&,,)$,)#,B,))-,,(,&, ,, ,,,),+B,), Ty.@^@dL^inearly received shipbuilding orders and handling orders) of Chinese shipbuilding industry, exceeded ,)(&)#)%), ,,,,,,',,) (,,,(,,,',,) ,,,,)!) ,,,,,,',,, &)$#*),), ThC@^@.L^itthat of Korea Rep.,,(,+,)(-),TTi{C@^@i.L^iP T@|C@^@|.SL^iplayed a leading role in the world for the first time in 2010. But affected by the a,(&),()(,,',),,);,,,,* C),****-,(*#*,,&,)% % ( 6i6^i6^66h6]h6]66g6\g6\66f6[f6[66e6Ze6Z66d6Yd6Y66c6&WMFCXc6X66b6Wb6W66a6Va6V6 6 `6U`6U 6  6 _6T_6T 6  6 ^6S^6S 6  6 ]6R]6R 6  6 \6Q\6Q 6 6[6P[6P66Z6OZ6O66Y6NY6N66X6MX6M66W6LW6L6  ."System--@"Calibri---  2 2P ,- @ !6d-' 2 f ,'@"Calibri---2 m ODINWESTPAC 2 m @"Calibri--- 2 P @"Calibri------72 Marine Country Profile Survey     --- 2  --- 2 f 2 fXThe purpose of this document is to collect information on the national arrangements for    2 fVoceanographic/marine/coastal research and associated data and information management,     D2 f&for the purpose of scoping the terms o P2 <.f reference of the Ocean Data and Information   :2 fNetwork for the WESTPAC region.   2   2 f @"Calibri---@"Arial------ 2 f1--- 2 n ---)2 ~GENERAL BACKGROUND I     2 & NFORMATION     2  --- 2 3f @"Calibri- - - 2 Of1.1@"Arial- - - 2 Ot - - - 2 O Geographical 2 O 2 O framework  2 O  2 O - - - 2 kf1.2- - - 2 kt - - - 2 k Demography  2 k  2 k - - - 2 f1.3- - - 2 t - - - 2 Economy   2   2  @"Calibri- - - 2 fZA nations economy has been described as a mechanical engine comprised of interconnected,   2 f moving pa 2 Trts. In China, the ocean economy is now seen as a critical component of that engine.   2  2 fdMarine Economy is the summation of various types of industrial activities for developing, utilizing   v2 fGand protecting the ocean as well as the activities associated with ther 2 e2 . 12 In 2011, the gross ocean 2 fYproduct of national marine economy reaches 4 549.6 billion yuan (RMB), 9.89% up from the    )2 fprevious year, its p 2 r2 oportio  2 n 2  k2 @in the GDP and the Gross Regional Product being 9.62% and 15.7% O2 f-respectively. The number of people employed b   X2 A3y the ocean related sectors throughout the country l - - - - - - - - - - - - - v2 fGamounts to 34.217 million, 0.709 million more than that in the previous    - - - 2  - - - 2 year.i- - - 2  - - - 2    2  2 fThe 2 w 2 ymarine  2  2 economy   2  2 will 2  2 create 2  2 2.6 2   2  million  2 + 2 .new 2 A 2 Djobs 2 W 2 Zand 2 k 2 m contribute 2  2 10 2  2 percent  2  2 of 2  2 GDP 2  2  by 2015, - - - 2 f according to 2  2 China's  2   2 12 2th 2  2 Five 2 -2 Year 2  2  Plan 2  2 (2011' 2 :-2 =15) 2 L 2 Ofor 2 \ 2 ^the 2 n 2 psector,  2  2 relear 2 s2 ed 2  2 by 2  2 the 2  2 Stater 2  2 Council  2   2 .@"Calibri--- 2  - - - 2 /f1.4- - - 2 /t - - - O2 /-Coastal Resources Utilization and Development  2 /^  2 /` ---2 Af1.4.1i@"Arial--- 2 A ---/2 AFisheries and Aquacultur- - - 2 A e 2 A --- 2 A - - - 2 _fcThe marine fishery is a vital component of Chinas ocean economy. It provides a high proportion of    2 mfbprotein for Chinese people. It also provides employment for the highest number of persons working     2 {fin the Chinese 2 { 2 {Rmarine economy, often in rural locations where few other employment opportunities   2 fgexist. In 2011, the marine fishery production in the coastal region keeps stable, the output of marine   p2 fCaquatic products grows steadily and the integrated strength of deepi 2 -2 se/2 a fishing is constantly 2 feimproved. the yield of marine aquatic products reaches 29.08 million tons, 4.0% up from the previous e    2 feyear, among which, the output of mariculture is 15.513 million tons, 4.7% up from the previous year; e   82 fthe production of marine fishi p2 Cng 12.419 million tons, 3.2% up from the previous year and that of i 2 fdeep 2 }-2 Rsea fishing 1.148 million tons, 29.3% up from the previous year. In 2012, the full   2 -2  year marine  "2 ffishery achieve 2  ;2  an added value of 365.2 billion 2 <Chinese =2 c!Yuan, which is calculated at the 2  comparable  q2 fDprice, increasing by 6.4% as compared with that in the previous year 2  ---2 f1.4.2s--- 2  ---/2 Manufacturing industries  2   2  - - - 2 &fbMarine shipbuilding industry is a comprehensive industry providing equipment for water transport,   2 3ffocean development and national defense construction, with a long developing history. In recent years,  Y2 Af4marine shipbuilding industry has grown rapidly, foll F2 AQ'owing the development of manufacturing   2 Ofbindustries in China. The three primary index (the completed quantity of ships built the number of    2 ]fdnearly received shipbuilding orders and handling orders) of Chinese shipbuilding industry, exceeded (2 kfthat of Korea Rep.,t 2 k 2 kSplayed a leading role in the world for the first time in 2010. 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