ࡱ>  UbjbjWW  55M@0  h r ~~~8DD/'R(zzzzZ&&&&&&&$*,R&~ c"  &~~zz& d~z~z& &%hZ&zsT)o%&&0/'%-- Z&-~Z&@       &&   /'    -          .:  INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) IOC/PTWS Working Group Two Report of the 2nd Sessional Meeting of the Pacific Emergency Communications Task Team 2nd of March 2011 10:30am-12:30 pm Opening and agenda Filomena Nelson, chair of the Task Team, welcomed all the members of Working Group 2 to the meeting of the task team and introduced the agenda which was adopted by acclamation. It was noted that the Task Team lacked geographical representation to complete its work, and thus would do its best to capture current arrangements for tsunami warning communication to receive and disseminate warnings, and attempt to compile information from the wider group of member countries not attending the ICG/PTWS Working Group 2 meeting. The members of this task team nominated by Member countries after the 23rd Session in Samoa included Samoa as chair, USA Edward Young as Co-Chair, Ecuador PTWS Chair and Phil Hall from the University of the South Pacific in Fiji. During the first meeting of the task team on February 28th, one additional Working Group member participated (Daniel Jaska from Australia) and Kevin Alder from Met Service New Zealand was an invited observer. Rajendra Prasad from the IOC Secretariat attended. Edward Young, co-chair of the Task Team outlined the terms of reference of the group that was approved during ICG/PTWS-XX-III for the Pacific Emergency Communications Task Team (Recommendation ICG/PTWS-XXIII.8). The terms of reference is attached as Annex 1 to this report. Update on the current progress on the development of tsunami warnings and public safety alert arrangements from international centres through national authorities to the public in their respective countries Edward Young presented an overview of the findings from the assessments conducted by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and SOPAC on the national tsunami warning and mitigation capacity of the Pacific Island Countries in particular the SOPAC member states. SOPAC Member countries include Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. The table detailing the findings of this tsunami capacity assessment is attached as Annex 3 of the National Capacity Assessment of Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) Member Countries: Tsunami Warning and Mitigation Systems Project Summary Report and it can also be downloaded from  HYPERLINK "http://www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/assessments" www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/assessments. For the purposes of this meeting and in order to get some baseline information, specific focus was on the following areas: Nation receives PTWC messages? Twelve of the 14 SOPAC member countries replied yes while two countries namely Kiribati and Nauru reported progress in achieving this milestone. 24/7 operational staff at warning receipt and dissemination location? Eight out of 14 SOPAC member states replied yes, two countries (Niue and Tuvalu) replied no and four countries (Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru and Vanuatu) reported that progress has been made in achieving this milestone. Disseminate national tsunami warnings as guided by a Standard Operating Procedure? Three countries (Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu) replied that they do disseminate tsunami warnings as guided by standard operating procedures; four countries (Cook Islands, Kiribati, Niue and the Solomon Islands) replied no and seven countries reported progress in achieving this milestone. System redundancies in place for receipt of PTWC messages and dissemination of National warnings? Two countries (FSM and Vanuatu) replied that they do have system redundancies in place; five countries (Kiribati, Tuvalu, Nauru, Niue, and PNG) responded that they do not have this in place and seven countries reported progress in achieving this milestone. : Redundant 24/7 methods available for dissemination of warnings to community (e.g. public radio, sirens etc.)? Two countries namely FSM and Samoa replied yes; six countries replied no (Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Tuvalu); and six countries reported progress has been made in achieving this milestone. Effective warning dissemination to remote communities? Only Samoa replied yes; four countries (Cook Islands, FSM, Kiribati, and Papua, New Guinea) replied no and nine countries reported progress in achieving this milestone. Communications coverage of whole country that is effectively utilised for the dissemination of tsunami warning messages? None of the SOPAC member states assessed responded yes to this question. Only three countries (Cook Islands, FSM, and Vanuatu) responded no and ten countries reported progress in achieving this milestone. Given that a number of member states attending Working Group 2 meeting have already done their presentations, for the purposes of this meeting, they were asked to provide comments on the challenges and issues that they face in receiving and disseminating tsunami warnings in their countries. Niue reported that the EMWIN (Emergency Managers Weather Information Network) is not currently working however the LRIT (Low Rate Information Transmission) which was installed six months ago and designed to replace the old analogue weather fax system, is working fine. The challenges they are facing is that their radio and television stations do not operate 24/7. However they have done awareness programmes where villages provide comments to what the content of warning messages should be. Given that the only mediums of communication in Niue are telephone and radio, the gap that needs addressing is the means of communication to communicate with their national disaster management office. Tonga reported that there is latency in getting information to response agencies and media. Since their Geology Office do not operate 24/7, they need a medium of communication to immediately alert them of any seismic threat including tsunamis and also to regularly communicate with the Meteorology Office during such an event especially during afterhours and or when telecommunication breaks down. They have also reported that they have educated their people that in the event of an earthquake that shakes longer than normal, they should not wait for an official warning but move to higher grounds immediately. Malaysia reported that their country uses SMS to send an early alert on earthquake information and tsunami warning to relevant personnel and agencies. There is also a hotline channel that is used to communicate directly between the Malaysian National Tsunami and Earthquake Centre and the national television. Malaysia has also put in place a Fixed Line Alert System or FLASH to ensure the warnings to evacuate reach their communities. Earthquake and tsunami information are also posted on MNTEWC website. They also have siren system and coastal camera system. Mr. Rosaidi further elaborated that the use of SMS has changed from point-to-point to point-to- multiple points using their SMS gateway hence everybody gets the SMS through using the SMS gateway requires them to pay a minimum cost. He also mentioned that for small islands where radio stations do not operate 24/7, siren system can plan a critical role in alerting the people however awareness must still be done to support the use of this system. Update on present and emerging technologies, methods and systems of dissemination being planned by the Member States Emergency notification through cell broadcast and landlines an example from Australia: Daniel Jaksa, Co-Director of the Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Centre gave an overview on how Australia is using cell broadcast and land line to send emergency notification using a short video clip that shows how the whole system works. The same information is also available on the website  HYPERLINK "http://www.emergencyalert.gov.au" http://www.emergencyalert.gov.au. The system was originally set up to reach individuals within the parameters of at risk location via SMS text messaging and cell broadcast messaging as a result of the large bushfire that struck Victoria State. This system has been used 272 times and it has sent out 6.6 million messages for the Chilean tsunami, Queensland floods and bush fires that affected parts of Australia. It is operated by the states, but is also used by local emergency managers to issue notification on local chemical incidents, missing person, etc. Legislation was put into place by Australian State governments that established legal requirements for local telecommunication companies to put in place infrastructure for emergency alerts to be issued to individuals registered on their mobile and fixed line telecommunication systems. The huge advantage of cell broadcast is that warning messages can be sent to all cell phones actually physically situated in certain coastal areas without the generic saturation problem of SMS messages. However, the implementation of cell broadcast requires legal decisions in most member states due to privacy issues, the possible vulnerability to misuse for SPAM and other commercial uses. Individuals must sign up for the service, and once signed up a mobile or fixed line number, this information is immediately included in the database that the Commonwealth of States holds. The database was originally setup to for the purposes of tracking stolen numbers and fraudulent. The Chair made a note that it is useful for member states to check with their local telecommunication service providers or regulators on whether and or how an equivalent list is being kept for emergency notifications for both mobiles and landlines. Using a Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) to send warnings for all types of hazards example from the USA Edward Young Co-Chair of the task team introduced to the group to applications that use the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP), a generic alerting format for warnings messages which allows the provision of warning messages on all kinds of hazards and can distributed by different means, including cell broadcast to cell phones. Ed discussed NOAA/National Weather Services intention to add Instruction Field 'markers' into NWS WMO-formatted text Watch/Warning/Advisory/Statements (W/W/A/S) to improve distinct event 'Description' and 'Instruction' products that need information to populate certain CAP compliant fields for emergency messages. This will allow warning applications to be flexible enough to respond to changing technologies and user requirements. This CAP solution will provide numerous benefits, including: (1) Partners will have XML/Keyhole mark-up language formats to enable use of NWS products in better ways, such as with Geographic Information System applications. In addition XML reduces the cost of entry for NWS partners to parse and use NWS local products; for example, rip currents alerts will be available in standard national formats. (2) CAP will enhance government's "situational awareness" at the state, regional and national levels by providing a continual real time database of all warnings, even local ones. 3) Local warnings in CAP, unavailable to state and local officials at present, could be crucial to the timely evaluation of certain threats, like biological terrorist attacks, which are most readily identified by detecting patterns in local responses. In discussing this agenda item, member states identified the lack of current ability for many island governments to quickly assess seismic information from nearby earthquake source regions, to issue local tsunami warnings, and that they have to wait for PTWCs message, which can take 12-14 minutes to receive. The Chair gave an example on how Samoa uses an integrated seismic intensity scale that incorporates both the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale and the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale used in the United States which measured the intensity of the earthquake based on observation of physical damaged caused within surrounding environment of an individual. This scale is also used to determine the likelihood of a tsunami and it has been incorporated as part of Samoas standard operating procedures for tsunami warning. Laura Kong, Director of ITIC informed members that CISN has the capability to send SMS messages regarding the seismic observatory messages it receives from geological centers and regional tsunami warning centers. However member states need to get their telecommunication providers to find out how this can be done using its own telecommunication infrastructure and services. Laura also added that PTWC and other tsunami warning centres, rather than informal emails to restricted clients, could make arrangement to have these seismic messages be disseminated onto the GTS as official preliminary seismic bulletins that can be used by national tsunami warning agencies. Charles McCreery, Director of PTWC also shared information on the pager system that PTWC staff is using to send automatic seismic information and the member states can consider this as one way of send out early alerts to national warning centre personnel. However, national warning centres need to set it up locally. Report on existing and future capacities and requirements of regional and national warning centres for disseminating and confirming alerts to customers The Chair informed members that the main output that this task team wishes to put out is a guideline on all available emergency communication technologies that are used elsewhere to receive and disseminate warnings, to communicate early alerts to national warning centre personnel and emergency managers and also to transmit data from monitoring stations to national and international warning centres. In light of the issues, gaps and challenges raised by member states the following decisions and recommendations were made by this task team. The WG2 Task Team on Pacific Emergency Communications decided to: Collate information on available emergency technologies currently used elsewhere for inclusion as examples in the emergency communications guideline on emergency technologies transmit data from seismic and sea level stations to national warning centres, to receive warnings from international warning centres to national warning centres and to disseminate warnings, and to disseminate warnings to at risk communities; Develop draft guidelines to include all available emergency communication technologies including their use and inoperability of these technologies, setup, costing, and limitations to assist member states in setting up their own systems and identify possible solutions that member states can sustain within their own local resources; Identify regional mechanism to assist member states of PTWS in setting up their warning systems especially to address the gaps of existing systems; and Identify opportunities to strengthen partnership with and support from donors in setting up tsunami warning and mitigation systems with particular focus on emergency communication technologies. The WG2 Task Team on Pacific Emergency Communication recommends: That the Task Team be reconstituted at the ICG/PTWS XX-IV Session, requesting that more Member countries designate experts to participate in the work of the Task Team, and that participation include representation from Central and South America, northeast Asia, the South China Sea, and from the Pacific Islands. That relevant experts, including those from other international and regional organizations, are engaged from time to time to provide insight or more information on existing communication technologies including emerging and future technologies; That Member states explore ways to invest in suitable emergency communication technologies to strengthen the functionality of their own warning systems; That Member States develop intensive awareness campaigns to support warning systems including use of new emergency communication technologies to transmit data from their monitoring stations to national and international warning centres, and to receive and disseminate warnings to at risk communities; and That Member states look at relevant legal frameworks to require telecommunication service providers to put in place infrastructure and necessary equipment to provide emergency managers ability to alert individuals in areas vulnerable to tsunamis. In closing, the Chair thanked the members of the task team as well as member states that participated for their contribution to the agenda items of this task team meeting. The 2nd Sessional Task Team Meeting closed at 12:30 pm ANNEX I Recommendation ICG/PTWS-XXIII.8 Pacific Emergency Communications The Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System, Noting Recommendation ICG/PTWS-XXII.2, whereby it was decided to establish an inter-sessional Working Group on Pacific Emergency Communications with the following terms of reference: 1. To encourage member states to develop arrangements for the transmission and receipts of tsunami warning alerts from international centres, and the dissemination of alerts and public safety actions within their countries; 2. To provide a forum to identify methods and systems currently available and planned for the future for alert dissemination within Member States, and internationally across the Pacific, and between oceanic basins; 3. To consult with National Tsunami Warning Focal Points to determine appropriate requirements for the dissemination of alerts from the Tsunami Warning Centers and exchange of information for the confirmation of reception. Confirming that the proposed program of action for the inter-sessional period (February 19, 2009 ICG/PTWS XXIV to include: 1. A study to take stock of existing communication technologies and mediums available and in use around the world including the Pacific, examine gaps in regional and national warning systems, and to explore ways of how these means of communication could be used to receive and disseminate alerts. 2. To review emerging communications technologies and assess the capacity for use in regional and national warning systems. 3. Depending on the recommendation from 1 and 2, develop designs to incorporate various means of communication to enable receipt and dissemination of tsunami alerts, e.g. the issues to consider here is whether this can be replicated and well receive by member states and or whether such design is appropriate and meet local needs. 4. Explore and develop ways to promote the use of these means of communication including funding, where appropriate. 5. Investigate new partnerships, e.g. WMO, SPREP, SOPAC, ASEAN, etc. who are working on emergency communications issues. 6. Use web-based resources and information from members and compile information with firm recommendations on next steps as well as viability of using available means of communication. Recognising the Medium Term Strategy and Working Group structure adopted by ICG/PTWS XXIII, Confirms in view of the above Medium Term Strategy and the Working Group structure, the transition of this Working Group into a Task Team under inter-sessional Working Group 2: Tsunami Detection, Warning, and Dissemination, and the Task Team to continue with the membership, terms of reference and programme of actions as established for the original Working Group on Pacific Emergency Communications. Requests that the Secretariat solicit funds from donors to convene an inter-sessional meeting and Early Warning Communications Workshop during the inter-sessional period. _______________________ Financial implications: To be determined  National Weather Services World Meteorological Organisation     ICG/PTWS/WG2/TT-EC-II/3 -9:TUVcdegɻ~lT:T2h{ha?5CJH*OJQJaJmH nH sH tH /h{ha?5CJOJQJaJmH nH sH tH "h{h{56CJOJQJaJh{h{5CJOJQJaJh{h{5CJOJQJaJh{h[x5CJOJQJaJh{5CJOJQJaJh>Th[xOJQJ\^Jh>Th[x5OJQJ^Jjh[xUmHnHu3ha?ha?5CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH -9:UV dgda? & Fdgda?gd{$a$gd{  `0pP ^ gd[x  `0pP0 ]0^ gd[x $da$gda?9 ; ϣϔzaGa1aza1*hCJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 3ha?ha?CJH*OJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 0ha?ha?CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 3ha?ha?5CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH ha?ha?mH nH sH tH 2h{ha?5CJH*OJQJaJmH nH sH tH "h{ha?56CJOJQJaJ/h{ha?5CJOJQJaJmH nH sH tH /h{h{5CJOJQJaJmH nH sH tH  VWrsHMN & Fdgda?m$ & Fdgda?m$ & Fdgda? dgda?&'Wsθ|bF000+ha?ha?5CJOJPJQJaJnHtH6jh-LU>*CJOJPJQJUaJmH nH sH tH 3ha?ha?>*CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH h-LUjh-LUU0ha?ha?CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH hPJ hhCJOJPJQJaJ*hCJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 0hhCJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 0hha?CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH HNpt%%%%%%''B'C'c'd'A..V0緝畑w[6jh-LU>*CJOJPJQJUaJmH nH sH tH 3ha?ha?>*CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH h-LUjh-LUU3ha?h{5CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 3ha?ha?5CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH +ha?ha?5CJOJPJQJaJnHtH0ha?ha?CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH ! !Y"Z"Y#Z#%%%%%%:(;(z){)C- & Fdgda?m$ dgda? & Fdgda?m$C-D->.?.A...//11183933344"6#6?8@899:: $da$gda? dgda? d^gda?V0W0b:d:!<<> ?jCCOIQIIIIȮȘ~~dJ03ha?ha?5CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 3ha?ha?6CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 3ha?ha?CJH*OJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 3hQ|ha?5CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH +ha?ha?5CJOJPJQJaJnHtH3ha?ha?7CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH 0ha?ha?CJOJPJQJaJmH nH sH tH <jha?ha?CJH*OJPJQJUaJmH nH sH tH : <!<<<O>P>>> ?@BBiCjCCDEqFGHHI & Fdgda? & Fdgda? & Fdgda?m$ dgda?IIIIIIIIIIIII5J6JJJKKLL 8 ^8` gdgdgdgdgd$a$gd$d7$8$H$a$gda?$d7$8$H$a$gda?IIIIIIIII5J6J6+h,ha?mH sH ha?mH sH ha?jha?0JUhh5CJOJQJaJ:h?#hhsCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4h?#hCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH7hxS h5CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH7h}h5CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4h}hCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.hCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tHUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUhh5CJOJQJaJ(hS~?hS~?CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH hS~?jhnD=UhnD=UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUgd$a$gdS~? dgda?10:p-LU/ =!"#$% n/'  ƹdPNG  IHDRqW pHYs.#.#x?vgAMAOX2tEXtSoftwareAdobe ImageReadyqe</QIDATxb`` &=(4F(<CG(T4` ELZ)Q0 h`A0 Fu@Q0 g s"{ Q0 hQ0*@Т@?`(`Q0@Q0 F(#(`Q0@1(6k@GcE` .0ughQ@}@h0OxaѠ F7Q0xqѠ F+Q0 u˃Ѡ F(73y(8` 0r >8$`Ph7 F(|/O$Ȱ ~8@V~`Q@[` UlPxq4* F+Q0 F( [;@;J WώOЁ@#zH F+Q0 F(gT=@alj#P/T n#g@( (T8. A ^ACŏ Ѹ  Ft;@.2Xz<πy`4@q˻|C/g?Sq Y F$:P:#ѡ?G ǑF`$8+ô~S+@>IQ硅hp[P#G@gcqπR4hZՒ(,t 6ď6cICQDLDK<:O8@?Z܎7 l7t 0t%@2@D>׏ ^~*Oz/'==zKoo |/pЬ1wʀ^yz_َҷm-V؞G+lGvnCF#"E W^ZRo[؎{hi{ z $ C*@Ww,EM*Qj/5B0$Gi٠v&(F+@*@ٝg\wb 9ÐAC 9Q0+C5#MԮI>= Cc?' V0z'v0eE0To3@'FPt: IC rEO#F+@XZbk8Ѻ7FNbx|3nU6~P3F92Im@3?I=10DH.}F\VNS@U~\D2Iڽ1rVRR!n`hwʡDʏhagR5R{ؤVȣ薆Q穙֕`(lG}#$&V~C5a` s+?Rhat8muh7}.7g@1R&ILT @|q4} H4yx"g⇣Q2$њeX2 0Q4 FHPvOSE?Ll~4<:z#4F(<y y8x$f;+;>p@Q0 Ǜ3 t P>>OA/$m@h_ OHD_bGGzyI ւP(]` @q]~4 EN C8(ȋ}@B*4Rpʞąj ZXG(7fЖ~h7 6y6#ϓd&z @V~x=7 x2 od}#*Dh` R@!nRnbH0e;oQ0>&@|p@>Q¯ 4ZQ0 '@JA5*`GR{4ZQ0 F{} > ڤ,p0zmT ,}Xn: F`(Hza0L+^&؀ ğUYGhXz8 F( vZ6N@>t ~8'f&JCi8V~=4 F( h 0TDH? @zs@1Q=Pu!r$ 8 .BOqj@El@׽(@ 校4Ȑ `+`(صHviy8 ߜ/(*X+he( S_U[Ofoʷ]ru{<jSπVvXvlM<($b/ h7t*?"F vjG?ZȞK=Fu[4Z >PZ)3($5R~|èC3RΞat*ba@G(lŠ4K*H@GR2%`˷R;qQra0 pJ_ROj哅A3l&@DPeM@V~\ #bAA.Ux4H@*Fi@e!۵"C5nFgd4^k XFgȂ`χaQ@[TUj wQ ^h7 F(GQ#40Z`W2 @#lOѴ0 FT~^3 F*?l 1=z`^(@)T~4ZQ0hY(~0;hQ@OpJ;0 1Xn3`/iU$PO { X$@`4-A Yua}C @R6 P@ f85?@ht(`f`Ѩ0n 9k] ; c0 @(,`6[[-tl=ROSxg8n96H``pBl(U9`)tFBwZZ(@6+l 1u İz0r\D?8nhtsQ@˞߁W{hO yTCaE;0 *%^&UvbT'2@?T?LO=Z}w`a@#`=7rZy|8PZEЀ f @/tyNR2 UĔN`@,?\H;0 F(P@kmGπzhi#JR#JȬ` *0 \Vj=ЅP\U'@[T`=SU` Pӳ2|>hQ0 F{-vUd70v1^ lV 3@s miU = 3`?-^ @]8 P1ty`KZh Pm r 9LV4i>PC6p*P1Chޛ0bv XТф<-@#Sn>#рp!Q0 ѳ@Pyph#u ʙ Y9W\*HT6OPL0 Þ CpG@34pb9P뇪S@?qaŧeGS68@գ~w/N`@lǠ4)@s~C\Ѻ$`WP;q8xh#uyĂP!z{ 4R` , PWp`@YRcO"a@ЭFda6Zq`U|^=TyĞ8]4B<1^HbŁmi*hr1p(L W?W]D >Jh7[ѣ"ۢ ?\*x0h9^^d j,o耇Xz2@")j@4x<[ Bj? #2 Fj0Lz 7׆!``C"*vW X\ hڕho HeCJ WHO{qd,  {!aO{4LpzF(L2MT@ehƃAn=+d+y/4ZѶ1\0:7 FrWRKdaq<1S '0 . P?ѳ=ݽg~` ,pTFȽBZrnw@?s & Xe 6dT_(`@v0a}A 0X @#76ܐ0 F( #ƠB}>;og@uHFA($@GD1ڏ|dlOE``=uF=げP%;!o:ju{y$T9lf0YU5=z|C'!RO;~hT~ìb_< o cd?`?D*?y$w9>T>i(oY'³B +||"*BzT` @s~C"6s뫨p400?/H k.>~C+ 9?J@Q"pԽ lAh$muN h|5j@!c]  DVwC{>C˻ /F2Aqs| vyꭗ@4* ?$(}Q0Hiv? kpTfDh`z(X6CeJ ? Nht%>ч͡<"08Nfi@ o!#lJK  MDkRTf0 ;6G+0`Υ ļ`=c`qT TўG+Q0`b@ak@"ϑ!˜zh4EÆ aJjzqc;v 4*O G)A="lOjaC~HC?BË^W7X Q02{~m=6A~T9"`P]͋kqP)@? C?]XF( ya+}*}+ho`7;(V&bA 4 @#7o=Rw```r'?@p E,^w0`^φܳQ>[@OAhhy,-Pdב3 -zI vX<@,~0nSX@Z9qpD~F6cHf>hU~朘8 Z/=0ZQG C0B Ghz sZ8z; _4P!.P(@aGYKFhںHFhU~F( Gл6"1XHbfO>;AT~i~@W F(\=|\P[+Y PRZ!$xh@!Od# Z@. 0q = F`5 Ѽ+@s5M;K~ Tc DrC""@DPq[l3h*{-p6ht(,`@: }- ]SZ̢uϷvutw80 ncv%l@D凬vNp" % FZw`||f }p e%'@J^h^C+ wy40 <;@^ l!FXF$h7 F4 BZ,bO'AiZ?jH=3lC߰^ꜙ |ԍ =Ai[?``гc@j.0X@94OU-@LîJ`ϩFh Bqr +hâanR`}]j,HLz/#MH=d` Z 7J5LIXjpy,y1Oi%klDKG(hJQ0 F-"{X0=A==lOC{ \ ŭX6?@t Fbw`<`PU~ 4`Q҃wa2 aO "W@=Q0 Fh击\rVh )|KhҪ4`@ [wh$V~F(PЦg0?Gy ;S=@Xg`0P!Z Z?T ߧAwG[-:ݧFgvL 0Je6F@#qh7 swt`s(V~IF\vⴁuq ~@. zڣG SZ/y 4ư2@ots VZ`C @ U^Fd@GIJh/P)J@ߐ19}C^V3TkqKdz"a?|\Uw쇚cVvb9B:8@Sׅ/11 Ddl2-IɮQ0xhCV[*T 5(3(ȭr{TҲ o@ժO<+?B=eFyqD^?a̸=OaOD59{UvTL#{}4 ^@Жb<twV}1 `QO-h `7 #aSknd!6BO`@][qV``5h,y?ʨ 9n\wC09't9ۀ(` '0{<=1j`=dG(Pߓ4@Q0 F@?riX '̕1n[π:WObH64hQ0 GLO XET Dʏ^?}2R<9>֜(F(`? e$_bnD;!e@ d|2Pd O :40^WkEh8?D7) V#@bcģCC $u> ԣ%z ,\JQحv ƞ~2e>=KtsFh7@=Z?+?{4Z3 q!S7X+DClg >W F+QBL F+QчIDn>pG#@Rk4<^0lQ@)xm z Hݫvq4JP 0;x  wN!nP:PgeNz KU@ +F(ƶT| ͞3237C{3Pp8'#o3KTh7Gh7|R*$lq#vanS.]@hth7Gh7JPR [*U lǨ[}̕w @(ţph)W #>e F(F0(Hl%d@3D؉1i' 3}a>hţx )T 5G\Jn#v)E4^Ks@[F(n(0 hKZ\'A" (; oO 74e-# hQ0 Fg~*)=\k^m?&?,@Joq@1Q0 FОJC"͉ ;N*ڹ+>Hz{h8!ԌơhQ0 F2ы"XZ5G$e*Ky[4F(Ra3~ a+MIr$g>H2Q4 F(+APOJL!chݻq|@Q0 ?a9\׉( 9|PPs;<M7ާ<{Of`P]2 FrѠ8-I`d` ~ JfAK.@ P;A~4"2eXmQ4 Fn}pcZj ;tئ=E` 0z *Bg*D +BǞ @Þ` *FO=BХ ށ@i˃aÕH #dF(\S(@(,G}666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666866666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p(8HX`~ OJPJQJ_HmH nHsH tHJ`J Normal dCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA`D Default Paragraph FontRiR 0 Table Normal4 l4a (k ( 0No List h@h a? Footnote Text d(CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tHdod a?Footnote Text Char(CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH@&`@ a?Footnote ReferenceH*N`"N { Medium Grid 2CJ_HaJmH sH tH ^ @2^ Footer dG$CJOJPJQJaJhmH sH NoAN  Footer CharCJOJPJQJaJhmH sH zORz Recommendation"$$$d@&G$a$!>*CJKHOJPJQJ\aJhrObr  Rec. title$ dG$a$%5;CJOJPJQJaJhnHtH4@r4 S~?0Header  p#B/B S~?0 Header CharCJaJmH sH tH PK![Content_Types].xmlN0EH-J@%ǎǢ|ș$زULTB l,3;rØJB+$G]7O٭V$ !)O^rC$y@/yH*񄴽)޵߻UDb`}"qۋJחX^)I`nEp)liV[]1M<OP6r=zgbIguSebORD۫qu gZo~ٺlAplxpT0+[}`jzAV2Fi@qv֬5\|ʜ̭NleXdsjcs7f W+Ն7`g ȘJj|h(KD- dXiJ؇(x$( :;˹! I_TS 1?E??ZBΪmU/?~xY'y5g&΋/ɋ>GMGeD3Vq%'#q$8K)fw9:ĵ x}rxwr:\TZaG*y8IjbRc|XŻǿI u3KGnD1NIBs RuK>V.EL+M2#'fi ~V vl{u8zH *:(W☕ ~JTe\O*tHGHY}KNP*ݾ˦TѼ9/#A7qZ$*c?qUnwN%Oi4 =3N)cbJ uV4(Tn 7_?m-ٛ{UBwznʜ"Z xJZp; {/<P;,)''KQk5qpN8KGbe Sd̛\17 pa>SR! 3K4'+rzQ TTIIvt]Kc⫲K#v5+|D~O@%\w_nN[L9KqgVhn R!y+Un;*&/HrT >>\ t=.Tġ S; Z~!P9giCڧ!# B,;X=ۻ,I2UWV9$lk=Aj;{AP79|s*Y;̠[MCۿhf]o{oY=1kyVV5E8Vk+֜\80X4D)!!?*|fv u"xA@T_q64)kڬuV7 t '%;i9s9x,ڎ-45xd8?ǘd/Y|t &LILJ`& -Gt/PK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 0_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!0C)theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] V(M?BM:v ')+-/2V0IMUU+-/03689 C-:ILUU,.12457:  & BcMXXl,b$'  ƹd/3v@l (    A? . "notext-bwPicture 44Description: notext-bw#" ?B S  ?M T@ _Toc209592061 _Toc225590033 _Toc231223026AAAMAAAMAA?EFEMMMMMMMMMMMM.0"11FFL?MMMMMMMMMMMMM33333?9+0`_6`IUOKl[ |Zh^h`o(.8^8`.L^`L. ^ `. ^ `.xL^x`L.H^H`.^`.L^`L. ^`OJQJo(^`.pL^p`L.@ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PL^P`L. ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o p^p`OJ QJ o( @ ^@ `OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o ^`OJ QJ o( ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o P^P`OJ QJ o( ^`OJQJo(^`.pL^p`L.@ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PL^P`L. ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o p^p`OJ QJ o( @ ^@ `OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o ^`OJ QJ o( ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o P^P`OJ QJ o( |Z6`I?OK+0                                              a?Q|nD=S~?!S-LU[x{MM@&M@Unknown G* Times New Roman5Symbol3. * ArialC (PMingLiUe0}fԚG=  jMS Mincho-3 fg;(SimSun[SO7.@CalibriqTimes New Roman BoldTimes New Roman?= *Cx Courier New;WingdingsA$BCambria Math qhas"as" A' A'!20\MM K#qHX $P'a?2! xx  Edward Youngi_pastor      Oh+'0$ px   Edward YoungNormal i_pastor2Microsoft Office Word@@)@) A՜.+,D՜.+,, hp|  HP'\M  TitleL 8@ _PID_HLINKSA I_"http://www.emergencyalert.gov.au/NP*http://www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/assessments  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrtuvwxyz|}~Root Entry F6U)Data T1Table\9-WordDocument SummaryInformation(sDocumentSummaryInformation8{CompObjr  F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q