ࡱ> 9;8q`0 bjbjqPqP4.::< < < < P 2x x x x x x x x {}}}}}}$.hUx x UUx x %%%Ux x {%U{%%:s,x l U< / {0RXXXx  v% ,&/x x x  x x x UUUU< <  First IOC/HANA Workshop on Harmful Algal Blooms in North Africa, Casablanca, Morocco, 18 20 october2007. Twenty four experts from Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco met from 18 to 20 October 2007, together with their eight guests, to discuss HAB problems in the HANA region. "HANA", or Harmful Algae in North Africa, is the network initiated by twelve young scientists from North Africa while attending an IOC training course in Salambo, Tunisia in 2003. HANA was endorsed by IOC in 2005 as one of its regional networks for HABs. The workshop programme was conceived with more than one objective in mind. It consisted of reports and scientific presentations, invited lectures and round tables The scientific presentations reflected the considerable work presently carried out by young and more advanced scientists on potentially harmful microalgae in the region. They also provide a picture of the state of the marine environment regarding these issues. This is particularly obvious where economically important bivalve resources are under threat, namely in Morocco and Tunisia, the only two countries of the region where an institutionalized monitoring programme is in place. In Morocco, seven sites are monitored on both the Mediterranean and Atlantic facades of the country. Of the diverse potentially harmful species recorded some are of more concern than others: Alexandrium minutum ( Nador lagoon , Mediterranean ) causing PSP contamination, Lingulodinium polyedra ( Abda Doukkala, Atlantic) contaminating shellfish with DSP, three Pseudonitzschia spp (coastal Atlantic waters).Work is initiated on the Dinoflagllate cysts and their possible implication in the outbreak of toxic blooms (Walidia lagoon). In Tunisia, toxic blooms lead to heavy fish mortality in the Gulf of Gabes in 1995, inciting the authorities to launch a monitoring programme in shellfish areas. Most of the toxicity episodes in the last six years appear to be due to Karenia selliformis , though Alexandrium minutum, Coolia monotis, Karlodinium veneficum and Prorocentrum minimum also occur. Investigation of epiphytic microalgae on Posidonia oceanica leaves is just beginning . Of practical importance are the attempts to assess the rate of detoxification in clams. Algeria did not report any toxicity episodes although fifteen potentially harmful species occur. High biomass blooms of the Dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum, the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana and the coccolithophore Holococcolithophora sphaeroidea developed in Algiers harbour in 2003 and of Scrippsiella trochoidea along the coast in 2006. Phytoplankton investigations in Egypt began with the observations of the recurrent red tide in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria since 1960. The red tides were causd by the newly described Alexandrium minutum. Although no formal monitoring programme is in place, the E.Harbour and the neighbouring coastal embayments were continuously monitored for red tides and heavy blooms, although irregularly. Heavy fish kills accompanied the last bloom of A.minutum in 1994. Since then, the species became insignificant, replaced by other potentially harmful species such as Chattonella spp, Prorocentrum triestinum, P.minimum, Pseudonitzschia spp. In a new development, survey of epiphytic microalgae along the coast revealed benthic blooms of Ostreopsis spp and Oscillatoria spp. A variety of issues were dealt with by the six invited lecturers : Phytoplankton strategies (T. Whatt), the HAEDAT data base of IOC (M.Lion), Monitoring and management of phytoplankton and phytotoxins (C. Belin), Biology, Ecology and Oceanography of Dinophysis spp. (B. Reguera), Occurrence of freshwater harmful cyanobacteria blooms in north Africa (B.Oudra) and the proposed project for cooperation between HANA and the IOC Science and Communication Center on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen (J. Larsen). Three round tables were held respectively at the end of each day. They were devoted to a free discussion of: the research priorities (Chair : B. Reguera), the monitoring and management priorities (Chair C.Belin) and to HANA business (Chair : Y Halim) The round tables agreed on a number of recommendations. Recommendations of the workshop All countries of the region should launch a monitoring and management programme of phytoplankton, phytotoxins and the quality of the environment Certain Research problems were identified that should be given priority such as : The need to establish an organized research programme inspired from GEOHAB for the region . The ecological conditions that need to bloom development of HAB species . The main HAB species require taxonomic, toxinologic and molecular biology tools for their characterization . A training course on taxonomy of harmful algae and on monitoring be held soon in the region . Seclected experts from the HANA region should be trained for toxin analysis at IFREMER, France . Biotoxin experts from the HANA region should be represented in the IPHAB Task Team on Biotoxin regulation. A link to HAEDAT should be added to the HANA web site and HANA data be introduced to HAEDAT. HANA web site be updated and completed regarding the directory, the list of publications and the list of species . As no representatives from Mauritania and Libya were present, the orgnanizers are urged to insure the participation of all countries of the region to the next meetings. Presentations in French language must be acompanied by slides in English . The second IOC / HANA workshop must be convened in 2009. The invitation of the Egyptian participants to convene the workshop meeting at the Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science in Alexandria, Egypt, was agreed. Extra budgetary funding should be seeked to allow more participants from the region to attend the next workshop . During the third round table, the participants elected the bureau of HANA for the next two years as follows : HANA chair : Youssef Halim . HANA Vice chair Hamid Taleb National coordinators : Amany Ismael for Egypt Hassina Illoul for Algeria Asma Hamza for Tunisia Chafik Abdelghany for Morocco At the end of the meeting the HANA community agreed unanimously that the workshop had been both successful and enjoyable. 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