аЯрЁБс>ўџ 79ўџџџ6џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС` №П} jbjb 42|c|c}џџџџџџˆ„„„„„„„дм м м м № $до  ёѓѓѓѓѓѓ,ўRPЮ-„ *„„ LJ*** Ž„ „ ё*˜$М„„„„ ё**Ѕ„„ё e$ъОм Ў |Нё–HоХ,*ё*„дд„X„ддXThe Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program In British Columbia. Klaus Schalliщ and Dierdre Kelly Aquaculture & Shellfish Specialists Canadian Food Inspection Agency 4321 Still Creek Drive Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5C 6S7 www.inspection.gc.ca The federal government created the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program to address the risks posed by the consumption of bivalve shellfish. The three federal agencies that are responsible for this program are the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), the Department of Fisheries & Oceans (DFO) and Environment Canada. Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program (CSSP) Components. 1. Marine Toxin Monitoring Program. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency arranges for the collection of mussels from specific monitoring sites, samples from commercial shellfish shipments and from shellfish growing areas on a regular basis and analyses them for the presence of toxins from harmful phytoplankton blooms and makes recommendations regarding harvest restrictions. 2. Opening & Closing of Shellfish Harvesting Areas. The staff of the Department of Fisheries & Oceans (DFO) prepares the harvest prohibition orders based on recommendations from Environment Canada and CFIA staff and are responsible for fishery management. The DFO Conservation & Protection staff conducts patrols in areas closed to the harvest of shellfish to enforce the harvest prohibition orders. 3. Product Control. The commercial harvesting, handling, transporting and processing of shellfish is regulated by CFIA staff to ensure compliance with the Fish Inspection Regulations. This includes conducting product and processing facility inspections. Classification of Growing Areas. Environment Canada conducts sanitary surveys of growing waters (including shoreline sources of contamination) in order to classify growing waters for the harvesting of shellfish. Monitoring Activities in British Columbia. CFIA has entered into partnerships with various sectors of the shellfish industry and First Nations groups. The Fish Inspection Program staff provides the administration for the program and analyses the samples. The stakeholders are responsible for providing the samples. In the southern waters of British Columbia, where most of the shellfish are grown and harvested, approximately 70 sites have been chosen to provide information regarding the occurrence of toxic phytoplankton blooms in shellfish growing and harvesting areas. Mesh sacks of mussels are suspended in the water at these sites and samples are withdrawn from the sacks once per week during the high risk part of the year (May to October) and once every two weeks for the low risk period (November to April.) These samples are shipped to the CFIA Fish Inspection Laboratory in Burnaby for analysis. The northern waters have fewer shellfish harvesting activities and so samples are generally provided only to monitor specific fisheries such as razor clams in the Queen Charlottes Islands, geoduck clams throughout this area and littleneck clams on the central coast. The monitoring includes samples of both mussels and the commercial species being harvested. Dungeness crabs may feed on shellfish and so they are also monitored for biotoxins, particularly when there is a toxic bloom in an area where there is a significant commercial fishery for crabs. Although the crab meat rarely has detectable levels of biotoxin, the hepatopancreas (part of the viscera under the shell) may accumulate levels that exceed our established action levels. With the large number of Canadians of Asian heritage and the growing popularity of Asian cuisine, more people are now consuming the viscera of the crabs. Some predatory marine snails such as oyster drills and whelks are also able to accumulate toxins by feeding on affected shellfish. The shellfish samples are analysed for paralytic shellfish poison (“red tide”, PSP, saxitoxins) and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP, domoic acid). All sample data and results are entered into a computer program and the sample analysis results are monitored by CFIA staff at least once per day to determine if any closures of shellfish harvest areas are required. Action Levels, Closure Orders & Communications. When a sample from an area open for harvesting is found to have greater than 80 Мg of PSP toxins per 100 g of meat [the minimum acceptable sample is that which when shucked will produce 100 g of drained meats. Depending on the size of animals, the total number of shellfish required varies from 3 (geoducks) to 25 (pink scallops, small mussels, small clams)]. When levels equal to or greater than 20 ppm of domoic acid are reached, the area will be promptly closed to harvesting. PSP testing is done by mouse bioassay and domoic acid testing by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The area covered by the closure will be determined by reviewing all of the available data from samples to try to determine the extent and the intensity of the toxic bloom. The DFO Operations Unit staff distributes notice of the closure to all DFO offices and to subscribing industry sectors via e-mail and fax. The Operations Unit staff also updates a telephone voice message service provided for the information of the industry and recreational harvesters (604-666-2828 or toll free 1-866-431-3474.) Also, the CFIA staff prepares faxes and sends them to all registered shellfish processors, other members of the industry, partners in our monitoring program and other government regulatory agencies. DFO officers are responsible for posting closure notices at harvest sites. Our very extensive and often remote coastline makes it impossible to post all of these and it is strongly recommended that harvesters contact the nearest DFO office to determine if there are any closures in effect in the area they intend to harvest in. Recently, DSP testing of manila clams has begun and several samples have been positive for DSP toxins. These clams are shipped to Spain and EU regulations require testing for DSP. DSP testing is conducted only in suspect harvesting areas or as a result of consumer complaints. Okadaic acid and/or DTX-1 levels in digestive tissue exceeding 1 Еg/g, singly or in combination, result in closure of the shellfish area. 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