ࡱ> [ ebjbj )jja1l\\\\\\\p33383<3p^`444(5(5(5(5(5(5[[[[60\ <] H^$'` GbBl^\(5(5(5(5(5l^LU\\(5(5^LULULU(5|\(5\(5[LU(5[LULU[\\[(54 "p,3S[[^0^[cLUc[LUpp\\\\ TABLE OF CONTENTS CONFERENCE OPENING ADDRESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS Meryl .J.Williams and Violeta.Q.Perez-Corral 1 CONFERENCE SUMMARY HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS STUDIES ENTER THE NEW MILLENNIUM F.J.R. Max Taylor 3 HARMFUL ALGAE EVENTS PSP FIRST DETECTION OF WIDESPREAD TOXIC EVENTS CAUSED BY Alexandrium catenella IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA Magda Vila, Maximino Delgado and Jordi Camp 8 SPECIES OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE GENUS ALEXANDRIUM (GONYAULACALES,) IN THE GULF OF THAILAND Ajcharaporn Piumsomboon ,Cholthaya Songroop ,Attaya Kungsuwan and Pornsilp Pholpunthin 12 PSP TOXIN CONTENT IN ALGAL BLOOMS AND MOLLUSCS IN COASTAL WATERS AROUND THE ORKNEY ISLANDS AND THE EAST COAST OF SCOTLAND Christian Hummert, Gunnar Gerdts, Christian Schutt and Bernd Luckas 16  TOC \f  PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISON IN FRESHWATER PUFFER FISH (TETRAODON CUTCUTIA ) FROM THE RIVER BURIGONGA, BANGLADESH Md. Sagir Ahmed, Elke Jaime, Miehael Reichelt and Brend Luckas 19 Alexandrium DISTRIBUTION AND toxicity in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea) M.Cabrini, S. Cok, I. Pecchiar, A. Beran and S. Predonzani 22 PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING ON THE FRENCH MEDITERRANEAN COAST IN THE AUTUMN 1998 : ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE COMPLEX (DINOPHYCEAE) AS CAUSATIVE AGENT Pierre Masselin, Zouher Amzil, Eric Abadie, Elizabeth Nzan, Claude LeBec, Antony Carreras, Claude Chiantella, and Philippe Truquet 26 ASP The occurrence of Amnesic Shellfish Poisons in SHELLFISH FROM Scottish waters Susan Gallacher, F. Godfrey Howard , Philipp Hess , Elspeth M. Macdonald , Marie C. Kelly, L.A.Bates, N.Brown, M.MacKenzie, Philip A. Gillibrand, and William R. Turrell 30 THE COASTAL PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA FROM THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL Maria Celia Villac and Denise Rivera Tenenbaum 34 IDENTIFICATION OF DOMOIC-ACID PRODUCING PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA SPECIES IN AUSTRALIAN WATERS Caroline J. Lapworth, Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff and Penelope A. Ajani 38 THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIATOM PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA OFF SOUTHERN BRAZIL AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS Clarisse Odebrecht, Martha E. Ferrario, Aurea Maria , Ciotti, Dione Kitzmann, Maria Odete P. Moreira and Friedel Hinz 42 Domoic Acid PRODUCING PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA SPECIES OFF THE U.S. WEST COAST Associated with Toxification Events Vera L. Trainer, Nicolaus G. Adams and John C. Wekell 46 CIGUATERA AND DSP EXAMPLE OF A GAMBIERDISCUS TOXICUS FLARE-UP FOLLOWING THE 1998 CORAL BLEACHING EVENT IN MAYOTTE ISLAND (COMOROS, SOUTH-WEST INDIAN OCEAN) Jean Turquet, Jean-Pascal Quod, Louis Ten-Hage, Youssouf Dahalani and Bertrand Wendling 50 Toxic EPIPHYTIC dinoflagellates FROM east coast Tasmania, AUSTRALIA Imojen Pearce, Judith-Anne Marshall and Gustaaf M Hallegraeff 54 FISH KILLERS Hong Kong's Worst Red Tide INDUCED FISH KILL (March-April 1998) Mike D.Dickman 58 NEW AND DOMINANT SPECIES FROM SAM XING WAN, SAI KUNG DURING THE 1998 MASSIVE FISH KILLING RED TIDE IN HONG KONG I.J. Hodgkiss and Zhen B.Yang 62 WIDESPREAD OUTBREAK OF A HAEMOLYTIC, ICHTHYOTOXIC Gymnodinium sp. IN SOUTHERN CHILE. Alejandro Clement, Miriam Seguel, Genevive Arzul , Leonardo Guzman and Cesar Alarcon 66 EARLY 1998 MASSIVE FISH KILLS AND ASSOCIATED PHYTOPLANKTON IN PORT SHELTER WATERS , HONG KONG Zhen B.Yang and I.J. Hodgkiss 70 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF HABs IN HONG KONG DURING 1983-1998 Kedong Yin, Venus W.Y.Tang, Pei-Yuan Qian, Jay Chen and Madeline C.S.Wu 74 On a bloom of Chattonella in the North Sea/Skagerrak in April-May 1998 Pia Backe-Hansen, Einar Dahl and Didrik S. Danielssen 78 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS DURING THE CHATTONELLA BLOOM IN THE NORTH SEA AND SKAGERRAK IN MAY 1998 Jan Aure, Didrik Danielssen, Morten Skogen, Einar Svendsen, Henrik Siland and Lasse Pettersson 82 RANGE OF HETEROSIGMA AKASHIWO EXPANDED TO INCLUDE CALIFORNIA, USA Dominic E.Gregorio and Laurie Connell 86 PFIESTERIA DISTRIBUTION OF PFIESTERIA Sp.AND An ASSOCIATED DINOFLAGELLATE ALONG THE US EAST COAST DURING THE ACTIVE SEASON IN 1998 AND 1999 Parke A. Rublee, Jason W. Kempton, Eric F. Schaefer, Coy Allen, JoAnn M. Burkholder, Howard B. Glasgow, Jr., and David W. Oldach 89 GROWTH AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF THE DINOFLAGELLATES CRYPTOPERIDINIOPSIS SP, GYRODINIUM GALATHEANUM AND PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA David W. Seaborn , William M. Dunstan, Harold G. Marshall, Andrew S. Gordon and Michelle Seaborn, 92 FISH-KILLING ACTIVITY AND NUTRIENT STIMULATION OF A SECOND TOXIC PFIESTERIA SPECIES Howard B.Glasgow, JoAnn M.Burkholder, Steve L.Morton, Jeffrey Springer and Matthew W.Parrow 97 COMPARATIVE RESPONSE TO ALGAL PREY BY PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA, PFIESTERIA SHUMWAYAE, AND AN ESTUARINE LOOKALIKE ' SPECIES Matthew W.Parrow, Howard B.Glasgow Jr., Joanne M.Burkholder and Cheng Zhang 101 OTHER HARMFUL EVENTS CYANOBACTERIA BLOOMS IN DAMMED RESERVOIRS, The DAUGAVA RIVER, LATVIA Ivars Druvietis, Agrita Briede and Valery Rodinov 105 CO-OCCURRENCE OF PSP TOXINS AND MICROCYSTINS IN MONTARGIL FRESHWATER RESERVOIR, PORTUGAL. Paulo Pereira, Hideyuki Onodera, Daro Andrinolo, Susana Franca, Filomena Arajo, Nstor Lagos and Yasukatsu Oshima 108 HARMFUL ALGAE IN RUSSIAN EUROPEAN COASTAL WATERS Alexander Vershinin and Alexander Kamnev 112 SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF DINOFLAGELLATES AND RAPHIDOPHYTES AND DISTRIBUTION OF THEIR RESTING CYSTS IN KAMAK BAY, KOREA Joon-Baek Lee, Moo Hyung Lee, Jin Ae Lee and Jeng Gyn Park 116 BLOOM OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE Alexandrium affine (Inoe and Fukuyo) Balech in TROPICAL Ambon Bay, IndonesiA Gabriel A. Wagey, F.J.R. Taylor and P.J. Harrison 120 HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN INDONESIAN WATERS Tumpak Sidabutar, D.P. Praseno and Y. Fukuyo 124 ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A WIDESPREAD SCRIPPSIELLA RED TIDE IN SOUTH CAROLINA ESTUARIES: A NEWLY OBSERVED PHENOMENON Alan J. Lewitus, Kenneth C. Hayes, Scott S. Gransden, Howard B. Glasgow, Jr., JoAnn M. Burkholder, Patricia M. Glibert and Steve L. Morton 129 ON A LINGULODINIUM POLYEDRUM BLOOM IN SETUBAL BAY, PORTUGAL Ana.Amorim, Ana S.Palma, Maria A.Sampayo and Maria T.Moita 133 TOXIC PROTOCERATIUM RETICULATUM (PERIDINIALES, DINOPHYTA) IN THE NORTH-WESTERN ADRIATIC SEA (ITALY) Laurita Boni, Alfiero Ceredi, Franca Guerrini, Anna Milandri, Rosella Pistocchi, Roberto Poletti and Marinella Pompei 137 Occurrence and Succession of potentially harmful phytoplankton species in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria Amany A. Ismael and Youssef Halim 141  POPULATION DYNAMICS, ECOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Harmful phytoplankton events caused by variability in the Irish coastal current along the West of Ireland Shane O'Boyle, Glenn Nolan and Robin Raine 145 THE ADVECTION OF A TOXIC BLOOM OF GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM TO THE GALICIAN RIAS, DETECTED FROM SST SATELLITE IMAGES Ignacio Sordo, Yolanda Pazos, Joaquin A. Trinanes and Juan Maneiro 149 Gymnodinium breve (DINOPHYCEAE) in the Western Gulf of Mexico: Resident versus advected populations as A seed stock for blooms Tracy A. Villareal, Mary Anne Brainard and Lawrence W.McEachron 153 THE HYDROGRAPHIC REGIME, NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS AND TRANSPORT OF A GYMNODINIUM BREVE DAVIS RED TIDE ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF: Gabriel Vargo, Cynthia Heil, Danylle Spence, Merrie Beth Neely, Rachel Merkt, Kristen Lester, Robert Weisberg, John Walsh, and Kent Fanning. 157 EVOLUTION OF A GYMNODINIUM BREVE RED TIDE BLOOM ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF: RELATIONSHIPS WITH ORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS Kristen Lester, Rachel Merkt, Cynthia Heil, Gabriel Vargo, Merrie Beth Neely, Danylle Spence, Leslie Melahn and John Walsh 161 NUTRIENT STOICHIOMETRY OF A GYMNODINIUM BREVE BLOOM: WHAT LIMITS BLOOMS IN OLIGOTROPHIC ENVIRONMENTS? Cynthia Heil, Gabriel Vargo, Danylle Spence, Merrie Beth Neely, Rachel Merkt, Kristen Lester and John Walsh 165 DYNAMICS OF DINOPHYSIS ACUTA, D. ACUMINATA, D. AND GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM DURING AN UPWELLING EVENT OFF THE NORTHWEST COAST OFF PORTUGAL Maria Teresa Moita and Antnio Jorge da Silva 169 POPULATION DYNAMICS AND SPIROLIDE COMPOSITION OF THE TOXIGENIC DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM OSTENFELDII IN COASTAL EMBAYMENTS OF NOVA SCOTIA Allan D. Cembella, Andrew G. Bauder, Nancy I. Lewis and Michael A. Quilliam 173 On the long-term response of harmful algal blooms to the evolution of eutrophication off the Bulgarian Black sea coast: Are the recent changes a sign of recovery of the ecosystem? The uncertainties Snejana Moncheva, Valentina Doncheva and Lyudmila Kamburska 177 PREDICTION OF BLOOMS OF TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATES BY EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Makoto Yamasaki and Akira Tomosada 182 ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS Wen Y.Huo, Jian.-Jun Shu and Allen T. Chwang 187 TAXONOMY: ADVANCED IDENTIFICATION METHODS THE USE OF SEDIMENT SLURRY CULTURE TO SEARCH FOR ORGANISMS PRODUCING RESTING-STAGES Agneta Persson 191 DINOFLAGELLATE CATEGORISATION BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (DICANN) F. Culverhouse, Vincent Herry, Beatriz Reguera, Sonsoles Gonzalez-Gil, Robert Williams, Serena Fonda, Marina Cabrini, Thomas Parisini and Robert Ellis 195 HPLC PIGMENT COMPOSITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA spp. BLOOMS. Francisco Rodrguez, Yolanda Pazos, Juan Maneiro, Santiago Fraga and Manuel Zapata 199 IN SITU PROFILES OF PHYTOPLANKTON: ALGAL COMPOSITION AND BIOMASS DETERMINED FLUOROMETRICALLY Martin Beutler, Karen H. Wiltshire, Barbara Meyer, , Christian Moldaenke and Holger Dau 202. APPLICATION AND Flow cytometric DETECTION of antibodY and rRNA probes TO Gymnodinium mikimotoi (Dinophyceae) and Pseudonitzschia multiseries (Bacillariophyceae) Louis Peperzak, Ben Sandee, Chris Scholin, Peter Miller and Lies Van Nieuwerburgh 206 PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM STRAINS FROM SIX COUNTRIES Andrew P. Negri, Christopher J.S. Bolch, Susan I.Blackburn, Mike Dickman, Lyndon E. Llewellyn and Silvia Mendez 210 MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION METHODS TOXIC AUSTRALIAN Alexandrium DINOFLAGELLATES: INTRODUCED OR INDIGENOUS? Miquel F. de Salas, Marion J. van Emmerik, Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff , Andrew Negri, Rene E.Vaillancourt and Christopher J. Bolch 214 BLOOMS OF ALEXANDRIUM TAYLORI (DINOPHYCEAE) IN THE MEDITERRANEAN : A PRELIMINARY MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ISOLATES Antonella Penna, Maria Grazia Giacobbe, Francesca Andreoni, Esther Garcs, Simone Berluti, R.Cantarini, Nunzio Penna and Mauro Magnani 218 Genetic ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF DINOPHYSIS CAUSING DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH OUTBREAKS IN GALICIA (NW SPAIN) Irma Marn, Angeles Aguilera, Sonsoles Gonzales-Gil, Beatriz Reguera and Jose P. Abad 222 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIGUATERA DINOFLAGELLATE GAMBIERDISCUS Mireille Chinain, Taina Revel, Maria Faust, Michael J. Holmes, Andre Ung and Serge Pauillac 226 A MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOM EVENTS IN ONE WATER BODY Judith Baker, Brett Neilan, Barrie Entsch and David McKay 230 The use of molecular techniques to characterise toxic cyanobacteria Kim M. Fergusson, Mark A. Schembri and Christopher P Saint 234 THE NON-TRANSCRIBED SPACER OF THE rRNA LOCUS AS A TARGET FOR SPECIFIC DETECTION OF THE dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida AND PROTISTAN PARASITES (PERKINSUS SPP.) J.A.F. Robledo, K. Saito, D.W. Coats, K.A. Steidinger, K.A. and G.R. Vasta 238 Electrochemical detection of DNA OR RNA FROM HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM species Wayne Litaker, Rebecca Sundseth, Marek Wojciechowski, Celia Bonaventura, Robert Henkens, and Pat Tester 242 ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR FINGERPRINTING OF RNA OF ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE GROWN UNDER VARYING NITROGEN/PHOSPHORUS RATIOS, AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE PERIDININ-CHLOROPHPYLL a-BINDING PROTEIN GENE. Rosa Martinez, Carolina.Anibarro, Sonsoles Fernandez and Angeles Aguilera 246 TOXIN DETECTION METHODS Azaspiracid Poisoning (AZP): A new shellfish toxic syndrome in Europe Kevin J. James, Ambrose Furey, Masayuki Satake and Takeshi Yasumoto 250 MIST Alert TM: A RAPID ASSAY FOR PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING TOXINS Maurice V.Laycock, Joanne F.Jellett, Elizabeth R.Belland, Pamela C.Bishop, Brigitte L.Theriault, Andra L.Russell-Tattrie, Michael A.Quilliam, Allan D.Cembella and Robert C.Richards 254 APPLICATION OF THE MOUSE NEUROBLASTOMA (MNB) ASSAY TO THE STUDY OF PSP TOXINS FROM DINOFLAGELLATES AND CYANOBACTERIA: A COMPARISON OF DATA GENERATED BY THE MNB ASSAY TO PRE AND POST COLUMN HPLC Paula Alvito, Susan Gallacher, Ana Gago, James F.Lawrence, Claudia Martins, Paulo Pereira , Filomena Sam Bento and Susana Franca 257 A COMPARION OF HPLC WITH ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION, HPLC WITH CHEMICAL OXIDATION, AND THE MOUSE BIOASSAY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PSP TOXINS IN SHELLFISH Gregory D. Goddard and Gregory L. Boyer 261 Total production of C2 TOXIN by Alexandrium tamarense Dennis P. H. Hsieh, Garry H. Chang and Susan Huxtable .265 ExotoxiNS Produced by the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum: CHARACTERISATION BY RADIORECEPTOR AND NEUROBLASTOMA ASSAYS DURING THE GROWTH CYCLE G. J. Lush, A. Negri and G. M. Hallegraeff 268 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR DOMOIC ACID BY USING HAPTEN-PROTEIN CONJUGATES OBTAINED AT THE NANOMOLAR LEVEL IN A REVERSED MICELLAR MEDIUM Philippe Branaa, Jerome Naar, Mireille Chinain and Serge Pauillac 272 A NEW FLUORIMETRIC HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF POLYETHER ACIDIC TOXINS IN MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON Marian Twohig, Ambrose Furey, Cilian Roden and Kevin James 276 PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO TYPE-2 BREVETOXINS. Jerome Naar, Philippe Branaa, Marie-Yasmine Bottein-Dchraoui, Mireille Chinain, Anne-Marie Legrand and Serge Pauillac .280 STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODIES RAISED AGAINST CIGUATOXINS: BREVETOXINS AS A MODEL FOR POLYETHER HYDROXYLATED COMPOUNDS Jerome Naar, Philippe Branaa, Marie-Yasmine Bottein-Dchraoui, Mireille Chinain, Anne-Marie Legrand and Serge Pauillac 284 The reversed micellar medium as a universal tool for the development of antibody-based assays to marine phycotoxins using small amount of material Serge Pauillac, Philippe Branaa, Mireille Chinain and Jerome Naar 288 MICROCYSTIN DETERMINATION USING HPLC COUPLED WITH ULTRA-VIOLET AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION INCORPORATING SIMULTANEOUS CID-MS AND MS-MS Ambrose Furey, Esther Carballal-Aguete, Ana Gago-Martnez, Brendan M. Healy, Jos M. Leao-Martins, Mary Lehane and Kevin J. James 292 EVALUATION OF A BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF NODULARIN AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO HPLC AND PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION ASSAY Jens Dahlmann , Alexander Rhl , Gerd Liebezeit and Edna Graneli 296 PHYSIOLOGY OF TOXIN PRODUCTION SPIROLIDE PRODUCTION AND PHOTOPERIOD-DEPENDENT GROWTH OF THE MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM OSTENFELDII Uwe John, Michael A. Quilliam, Linda Medlin and Allan D. Cembella 299 UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF Nutrients ON Toxin Production in Alexandrium tamarense Rencheng Yu, Mingjiang Zhou, Peiyuan Qian, Jun Li, Tian Yan and Meng Fu 303 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE NEUROTOXIN PRODUCTION OF CHATTONELLA ANTIQUA (RAPHIDOPHYCEAE) Saleha Khan, Kaname Ono, Mihori Haruyama, Tetsuko Iwashita and Yoshio Onoue 308 INVOLVEMENT OF NADPH OXIDASE- LIKE ENZYME IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUPEROXIDE ANION BY CHATTONELLA MARINA Tastuya Oda, Daekyung Kim, Atsushi Nakamura, Tarou Okamoto, Nobukazu Komatsu, Takaji Iida, Atsushi Ishimatsu and Tsuyoshi Muramatsu 312 EFFECT OF IRRADIANCE ON SUPEROXIDE PRODUCTION BY Chattonella marina (RAPHIDOPHYCEAE) from South Australia and Japan Judith-Anne Marshall, Barry Munday, Yoshiko Yoshizawa and Gustaaf Hallegraeff 316 THE Effects of iron on domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries Stephen S. Bates, Claude Lger, Michael F. Satchwell and Gregory L. Boyer 320 AMINO ACID PROFILES IN SPECIES AND STRAINS OF PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA FROM MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA: INSIGHTS INTO THE METABOLIC ROLE(S) OF DOMOIC ACID G. Jason Smith, Nicolas Ladizinsky and Peter E. Miller .323 NITROGEN OR PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IncreaseS allelopathY IN Prymnesium parvum Edna Granli and Niclas Johansson 328 Effect of poLyamines on growth and toxicity of Chrysochromulina leadbeateri (Haptophyte) Catherine Legrand, Geir Johnsen, Edna Granli and Egil Sakshaug 332 Uptake of humic substances by the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella Martina Doblin, Catherine Legrand, Per Carlsson, Christian Hummert, Edna Granli and Gustaaf Hallegraeff 336 IRON NUTRITION IN THE BROWN TIDE ALGA, AUREOCOCCUS ANOPHAGEFFERENS: CHARACTERIZATION OF A FERRIC CHELATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY Darlene B.Nichols, Michael F.Satchwell, Jeffrey E.Alexander, Nicole M.Martin, Mark T.Baesl and Gregory L.Boyer 340 EFFECTS OF IRON AND MANGANESE CONCENTRATION AND THEIR RATIO ON CELL GROWTH AND CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN PRODUCTION OF THE CYANOBACTERIUM CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS RACIBORSKII Ann Chuang, Corinne Garnett, Meagan Hardgreaves, Glen Shaw, Peta-Joanne Senogles, Maree Smith, Geoffrey Eaglesham and Jochen F. Muller 344 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF TOXINS PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE, AND THE MUSSEL MYTILUS EDULIS, FROM CHINHAE BAY IN THE SPRING OF 1996 AND 1997 Hae-Ok Lee, Hyung-Jin Jeon and Myung-Soo Han 348 PSP TOXIN PRODUCTION OF URUGUYAN ISOLATES OF GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM AND ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE Silvia M. Mendez, David M. Kulis and Donald M.Anderson 352 DINOPHYSIS ACUMINATA DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIFIC TOXIN CONTENT IN RELATION TO MUSSEL CONTAMINATION C.Marcaillou, P.Gentien, M.Lunven, J.Legrand, F.Mondeguer, M.M.Danilou, M.P.Crassous and A.Youenou. 356 TOXIN CONTENT OF DINOPHYSIS ACUMINATA, D. ACUTA AND D. CAUDATA FROM THE GALICIAN RIAS BAJAS. M.Luisa Fernndez, Beatriz Reguera , Isabe Ramilo and Ana Martne .360 ESTERIFIED OKADAIC ACID IN NEW ZEALAND STRAINS OF PROROCENTRUM LIMA Lesley Rhodes, Toshiyuki Suzuki, Janet Adamson , Douglas Mountfort 364 DINOPHYSISTOXIN-1 AND ESTERIFIED DINOPHYSISTOXIN-1 IN THE MUSSEL MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS FED ON TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE DINOPHYSIS FORTII Toshiyuki Suzuki, Hiroto Ota and Makoto Yamasaki 368 ELIMINATION AND DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMATION OF YESSOTOXIN BY THE GREENSHELL MUSSEL PERNA CANALICULUS AND THE BLUE MUSSEL MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS Lincoln Mackenzie, Toshiyuki Suzuki and Janet Adamson 371 DETECTION OF N-ACYL HOMOSERINE LACTONES IN MARINE BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRODUCTION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING TOXINS AND THE MICROFLORA OF TOXIN-PRODUCING PHYTOPLANKTON Martin P.Johnston, Susan Gallagher, Elizabeth A.Smith and L.Anne Glover 375. NEW AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM Noctiluca scintillans (DINOFLAGELLATA) Marianna Kirchner, Antje Wichels , Anja Seibold, Gerrit Sahling and Christian Schutt 379 TOXINS : MECHANISMS OF ACTION INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SPIROLIDES , A NOVEL GROUP OF SHELLFISH TOXINS Don Richard, Edmond Arsenault, Allan Cembella and Michael Quilliam 383 PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS AND GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES IN ARTIFICIALLY INTOXICATED MARINE ORGANISMS Matt J. Gubbins, Erell A. Guezennec, F. Brian Eddy, Susan Gallacher and Ron M. Stagg 387 CELL MEMBRANE P-GLYCOPROTEIN ACTIVITY (MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE) DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO THE RESISTANCE OF MUSSEL (MYTILUS EDULIS) HEMOCYTES TO THE CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF OKADAIC ACID Susanne Svensson, Anders Srngren and Lars Frlin. 391 SMALL INTESTINAL INJURIES IN MICE CAUSED BY A NEW TOXIN, AZASPIRACID, ISOLATED FROM IRISH MUSSELS Emiko Ito, Masayuki Satake, Katsuya Ofuji, Terry McMahon, Joe Silke, Kevin James and Takeshi Yasumoto 395 IN VIVO PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A INHIBITION AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTION BY MICROCYSTIN-LR IN GRASS CARP (CtENOPHARYNGODON IDELLUS ) Lihong Xu, Bingsheng Zhou, Paul K.S. Lam, Jiaping Chen, Yongyuan Zhang and Ken-ichi Harada 399 INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIA: THE ROLE OF TERPENE SUBSTANCES Evgeny B. Gol'din and Valentia G. Goldina 403 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HARMFUL MICROALGAE AND MARINE INVERTEBRATES Feeding behavior of individuals and groups of king scallops (Pecten maximus) contaminated experimentally with PSP TOXINS and detoxified S. Bougrier, P. Lassus, B. Beliaeff, M. Bardouil, P. Masselin, F.Mornet, P. Truquet and F. Matignon 407 EFFECTS OF HARMFUL ALGAE ON THE EARLY PLANKTONIC LARVAE OF THE OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS Yukihiko Matsuyama, Hironori Usuki, Takuji Uchida and Yuichi Kotani 411 AN ADVANCED, IN VIVO METHOD TO INVESTIGATE THE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES IN THE BLUE MUSSEL, MYTILUS EDULIS, USING A GAMMA CAMERA TECHNIQUE Bodil Hernroth, Susanne Svensson and Annhild Larrson 415 ACCUMULATION OF DOMOIC ACID ACTIVITY IN COPEPODS Patricia A. Tester, Youlian Pan , Gregory J. Doucette and Christopher A. Scholin 418 Gymnodinium breve toxins without cells: INTRA-cellular and EXTRa-cellular toxins Richard Pierce, Michael Henry, Patricia Blum and Steve Payne 421 MONITORING, MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION SHELLFISH TOXICITY IN NORWAY EXPERIENCES FROM REGULAR MONITORING, 1992-1999 Einar Dahl, Tore Aune and Karl Tangen 425 The integration of DNA probes into New Zealands routine phytoplankton monitoring programmes Lesley Rhodes, Christopher Scholin, John Tyrrell, Janet Adamson and Kirsten Todd 429 BETTER CONSUMERS PROTECTION FOR DSP TOXINS P.Vale, M.A.M Sampayo, S. Rodrigues, M.J. Botelho, and P.R.Costa 433 TWO CONFIRMED CASES OF HUMAN TOXICATION BY MARINE BIOTOXINS IN PORTUGAL M. A. de M. Sampayo, S. Rodrigues, M.J. Botelho and P. Vale 436 THE USE OF NON-ANIMAL ASSAYS WITHIN A BIOTOXIN MONITORING PROGRAMME Wendy A. Higman and Steve Morris 438 A RATIONAL STRATEGY TOWARD THE MANAGEMENT OF SEAFOOD POISONING IN THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN REGION Jean Turquet, Christian Ralijaona, Mbae Tyob, Mira Hurbungs, Victor Jeannoda, J oel Nageon De Lestang and Jean-Pascal Quod 442 HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS OCCUPATIONAL SCREENING PILOT STUDY Jana A Easom, Lora E Fleming, Alan Rowan and Steven Wiersma 444 A PILOT STUDY TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO GYMNODINIUM BREVE (DINOPHYCEAE) TOXIN AND PULMONARY FUNCTION Barbara Kirkpatrick, Raymond Hautamaki, Terrance Kane and Michael Henry 447 PHYSICIAN DIAGNOSIS AND REPORTING OF CIGUATERA FISH POISONING IN AN ENDEMIC AREA Donald B. McKee, Lora E Fleming, Robert Tamer, Richard Weisman, and Donna Blythe 451 . THE HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN HONG KONG WATERS-WHERE ARE THEY FROM? I.J. Hodgkiss, L.Songui and Q. Yuzao 454 Similar Blooms but Different Results A mitigation experiencE Lu Songhui, Qi Yuzao and I.J. Hodgkiss 458 mitigation BY CYSTEINE COMPOUNDS of rheotoxicity, cytotoxicity and fish mortality caused by the dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium mikimotoi and G. cf. maguelonense Ian R. Jenkinson and Genevive Arzul 461 AN AGENDA FOR MINIMISING THE SPREAD OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS BY SHIPPING Denis Paterson 465 Ballast water exchange: Testing the dilution method (Petrobras, Brazil) Maria Celia Villac, Graziela Persich, Lohengrin Fernandes, Rodolfo Paranhos, Cristina Dias, Sergio Bonecker, Virginia Garcia, Clarisse Odebrecht, Denise Tenenbaum .Maria Luiza Tristao, Sandra de Andrade and Andre Fadel 470 THE QUANTITIES OF HETEROCAPSA CIRCULARISQUAMA CELLS TRANSFERRED WITH SHELLFISH CONSIGNMENTS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS ESTABLISHMENT IN NEW AREAS Nobuyoshi Imada, Tsuneo Honjo, Hisashi Shibata, Yuji Oshima, Kiyohito Nagai, Yukihiko Matsuyama, and Takuji Uchida 474 RECENT INTRODUCTION OF GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM TO PORT LINCOLN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA Andrew McMinn, Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Jason Roberts, Jonathoan Smith Amy Lovell, Andrew Jenkinson and Henk Heijnis 477 WORLDWIDE OCCURRENCE AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF Parvilucifera infectans : a pARASITIC flagellate capable of killing toxic DINOFLAGELLATES Fredrik Norn, jvind Moestrup, Ann-Sofi Rehnstam-Holm and Jacob Larsen 481 Progress of HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (HABs) MITIGATION with clays IN CHINA Yu Zhiming, Sun Xiaoxia and Zou Jingzhong 484 COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ALGAL TOXINS IN SEAFOOD IN CANADA Ewen C.D.Todd 488 A bacterial risk assessment as a model for assessing risks of algal blooms Ewen C.D. Todd , William Ross and Mark Smith .492 MONITORING A TOXIC CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOM IN LAKE BOURGET (FRANCE) AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR WATER QUALITY Jean-F. Humbert, Grard Paolini and Brigitte Le Berre 496 The effect of the Dawesville Channel on Cyanobacterial blooms and associated MICROALGAE in the Peel-Harvey estuarINE SYSTEM, Western Australia Wasele Hosja, Sarah Grigo and David M.Deeley 499 DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA AND BACTERIA IN THE COURSE OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER Gunta Springe , Ivars Druvietis and Talis Juhna 503 INVESTIGATION INTO THE FORMATION OF TRIHALOMETHANES, CHLOROPHENOLS AND DIOXINS AFTER CHLORINATING WATER CONTAINING THE CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN cylindrospermopsin Peta-Joanne Senogles, Glen Shaw, Stuart Carswell and Jochen F. 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