ࡱ> Root EntrydO)K/ PowerPoint Document(WNSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8@  !"#$%&'()*+,-./01( / 0LDArial (<$v0<04"@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` @ 0AA@3ʚ;ʚ;g45d5dT0ppp@ <4ddddh0( 80___PPT10 ? HDeep Ocean Monitoring  Some Issues%%KD.E. Harrison NOAA/PMEL Chair OOPC (GOOS, GCOS, WCRP) GSSC, Perth, Feb 2009"LZ >The ChallengesArgo floats are able to sample to about 2km depth. At present only repeat hydrographic surveys can do the full water column globally, but they face severe sampling issues in a variable ocean. Sea level/upper ocean heat content trend discrepancy is conspicuous. Formation of intermediate and deeper waters likely episodic. Meridional overturning circulation has deep component Deep topographic boundary currents known to vary. How can we learn what we need to about the sub-argo ocean?bZD=62;>  Sampling IssueszThere is very limited time series information from the deep ocean. The available science moorings have all shown sufficient variability to keep them from having statistically significant mean currents. ?industry mooring results? Variability seen is often episodic. Nonetheless the repeat surveys suggest basin-scale substantial changes over a decade. Need model design studies.4{ZC$qTechnology Issues,I m told there is no fundamental engineering obstacle to a full-depth profiling float, but they would require exotic materials. Sensor stability for deep obs is very demanding; can it be obtained in a routinely surfacing float? Gliders also can in principle sample full-depth Moorings are feasible. A simple abyssal temp. sensor system already has been used on Dart. Cost rises quickly as more sensors are put on wire and as data telemetry required. A dedicated hydrographic ship could substantially increase the amount of sampling.FZe0Sz Way Forward? These are scientifically fundamental questions about oceanic variability. UNFCCC/WCC3 have identified decadal variability/predictability/prediction as a key societal issue for adaptation. Seems possible priority for next-gen WCRP program focus. Saved by the research community again?&Jra=  ` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> f(    6(  `} ( T Click to edit Master title style! !  0Ș(  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0{( ^ `  >*  0|( ^   @*  0v( ^ `  @*H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.7 Default Design$  $(  r  S P   r  S L `    H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.ਿ$  0 $(   r  S 1 `}   r  S q `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.4$  @$(  r  S  `}   r  S t `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.p4S$  P$(  r  S  `}   r  S X `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.$  `$(  r  S  `}   r  S X `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.@ɈBr pV #2%%( / 0LDArial Current User'5Oh+'0P `h   Deep Monitoring Some Issues ed harrison ed harrison15Microsoft PowerPoint@*@ @dNG6g  3  x--$ww--'@"Arial-. 332 WBDeep  ."SystemT-@"Arial-. 332 WOcean Monitoring   .-@"Arial-. 33 2 W.-@"Arial-. 332 { Some Issues .-@"Arial-. 2 D.E. Harrison   .-@"Arial-. 2  NOAA/PMELi  .-@"Arial-. 32 oChair OOPC (GOOS, GCOS, WCRP)     .-@"Arial-. '2 .GSSC, Perth, Feb 2009     .-՜.+,0   !"#$%&    On-screen Show NOAA/PMELWN ArialDefault Design%Deep Ocean Monitoring Some IssuesThe ChallengesSampling IssuesTechnology Issues Way Forward?  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_3Nt_grosst_grossrrison(<$v0<04"@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` @ 0AA@3ʚ;ʚ;g45d5dT0ppp@ <4ddddh0( 80___PPT10 T HDeep Ocean Monitoring  Some Issues%%KD.E. Harrison NOAA/PMEL Chair OOPC (GOOS, GCOS, WCRP) GSSC, Perth, Feb 2009"LZ >The ChallengesArgo floats are able to sample to about 2km depth. At present only repeat hydrographic surveys can do the full water column globally, but they face severe sampling issues in a variable ocean. Sea level/upper ocean heat content trend discrepancy is conspicuous. Formation of intermediate and deeper waters likely episodic. Meridional overturning circulation has deep components Deep topographic boundary currents known to vary. How can we learn what we need to about the sub-argo ocean?bZD=72;,D Sampling IssuesThere is very limited time series information from the deep ocean. The available science moorings have all shown sufficient variability to keep them from having statistically significant mean currents. ?industry mooring results? Variability seen is often episodic. Nonetheless the repeat surveys suggest basin-scale substantial changes over a decade. Need design studies for T, S, Carbon, transportDC$W0Technology Issues,I m told there is no fundamental engineering obstacle to a full-depth profiling float, but they would require exotic materials. Sensor stability for deep obs is very demanding; can it be obtained in a routinely surfacing float? Gliders also can in principle sample full-depth Moorings are feasible. A simple abyssal temp. sensor system already has been used on Dart. Cost rises quickly as more sensors are put on wire and as data telemetry required. A dedicated hydrographic ship could substantially increase the amount of sampling.FZe0Sz Way Forward? These are scientifically fundamental questions about oceanic variability. UNFCCC/WCC3 have identified decadal variability/predictability/prediction as a key societal issue for adaptation. Seems possible priority for next-gen WCRP program focus. Saved by the research community again?&Jra=$  0 $(   r  S 1 `}   r  S q `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.4$  @$(  r  S  `}   r  S t `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.p4Sr~% =6i8Z%:%( / 0LDArial (<$v0<04"@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` @ 0AA@3ʚ;ʚ;g45d5dT0ppp@ <4ddddh0( 80___PPT10  HDeep Ocean Monitoring  Some Issues%%KD.E. Harrison NOAA/PMEL Chair OOPC (GOOS, GCOS, WCRP) GSSC, Perth, Feb 2009"LZ >The ChallengesArgo floats are able to sample to about 2km depth. At present only repeat hydrographic surveys can do the full water column globally, but they face severe sampling issues in a variable ocean. Sea level/upper ocean heat content trend discrepancy is conspicuous. Formation of intermediate and deeper waters likely episodic. Meridional overturning circulation has deep components Deep topographic boundary currents known to vary. How can we learn what we need to about the sub-argo ocean?bZD=72;,D Sampling IssuesThere is very limited time series information from the deep ocean. The available science moorings have all shown sufficient variability to keep them from having statistically significant mean currents. ?industry mooring results? Variability seen is often episodic. Nonetheless the repeat surveys suggest basin-scale substantial changes over a decade. Need design studies for T, S, Carbon, transportDC$W0Technology Issues,I m told there is no fundamental engineering obstacle to a full-depth profiling float, but they would require exotic materials. Sensor stability for deep obs is very demanding; can it be obtained in a routinely surfacing float? Gliders also can in principle sample full-depth Moorings are feasible. A simple abyssal temp. sensor system already has been used on Dart. Cost rises quickly as more sensors are put on wire and as data telemetry required. A dedicated hydrographic ship could substantially increase the amount of sampling.FZe0Sz Way Forward? aThese are scientifically fundamental questions about oceanic variability. UNFCCC/WCC3 have identified decadal variability/predictability/prediction as a key societal issue for adaptation. Seems possible priority for next-gen WCRP program focus. Saved by the research community again? How to support technology development costs and initial use studies?<bZJraE$  `$(  r  S  `}   r  S X `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.@ɈBr:K:N%